Approximately 18101900 Growth of established forms such as opera mass symphonies and concertos Greater experimentation and freedom to explore timbre and harmony as the orchestra expands Associations with other art forms and artists writers poets artists and other musicians ID: 653396
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Slide1
The Romantic EraSlide2
The Romantic Period
Approximately 1810-1900
Growth of established forms; such as opera, mass, symphonies and concertos.
Greater experimentation and freedom to explore timbre and harmony as the orchestra expands.
Associations with other art forms and artists – writers, poets, artists and other musicians.Slide3
Romantic Composers
Beethoven (d.1827)
Mendelssohn
Chopin
Brahms
Rossini
Mahler
Dvorak
Sibelius
TchaikovskySlide4
Revision – Opera 1
In the early Romantic era, opera fell into two categories – Italian and German. Italian opera tended to focus on memorable melodies, whereas German opera was more concerned with dramatic plotlines than exciting tunes.
Italian early Romantic –
The Barber of Seville
Rossini
German early Romantic –
Fidelio BeethovenWatch Figaro’s aria from The Barber of Seville by Rossini – hear the frequent use of repetition and imitation by the orchestra and the changes in tempo for dramatic effect.At the end of the clip, listen as the music goes between chords I, IV and V before ending – what is the final cadence?
Clip at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qHZkkgowdY
Slide5
Revision – Opera 2
In the later half of the Romantic era,
Bizet
was the most prolific composer of opera from France. Two of his operas remain popular today –
The Pearl Fishers
and
Carmen, which includes the famous Toreadors’ Song and Habanera.Wagner was the principal opera composer of the Romantic period. His compositions are notable for their rich chromaticism, harmonies and orchestration. He preferred his works to be known as ‘music dramas’, the merging of all the theatre arts of music, drama, staging, scenery, costumes and lighting into one
form…
Clip at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeRwBiu4wfQ
Slide6
Revision - Symphony
Composers in the Romantic era began to explore the new harmonies and textures available to them. Frequently composers would write pieces with a stimulus in mind – like the final movement of the
Symphonie
Fantastique
by Berlioz…Sonata form2 subjects in expositionDescending scalesCounter melodyPolyphony
Analysis video at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4tMQATUUj0
Slide7
Revision - Concerto
Copy and complete:
“A concerto is a work for a ____ instrument accompanied by _________. In the Romantic Period the 3 movement form became less strict and composers such as Mendelssohn and Bruch experimented with joining movements together. The _______ was still included however, a flashy passage for the solo instrument, which features a _____ at its conclusion to mark the end and the return to the orchestra.Slide8
Schumann Piano Concerto Op.54
Listen to the beginning of Schumann’s Piano
C
oncerto in A minor and listen out for the
rubato
.
Rubato is a common feature in Romantic piano music and is frequently used in performances of Chopin’s piano music.Rubato – a rhythmic ‘give and take’ in a phrase allowing more expression.Slide9
Schumann Piano Concerto Op.54
Listen to the end of the movement where the cadenza is featured – there is a dramatic dominant 7
th
chord from the orchestra before the piano takes over… Also listen for the return of the main theme, veiled by trills in the right hand.
Use video at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hs18Z561tn8
Slide10
Higher Revision - Mass
Listen to a movement from Rossini’s Petite
Messe
Solennelle
-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSMrna0e2II Use one word to describe the orchestral texture in the introduction.Name the final cadence before the singers enter.Which movement from the mass is this?What is the group of singers called that sing in this movement?Slide11
Higher – New Learning for the Romantic Era
Lied - This term (the German word for song) refers specifically in the
Romantic
era to works for solo voice and piano. The text is German.
Famous composers of Lied:
Schubert
Schumann BrahmsLied can be written for any of the four voice types – soprano, alto, tenor or bass – but examples are frequently male (tenor).
The
structure
of the verses is either
strophic
or
through-composed
.Slide12
Styles of Lieder
Through composed
refers to music that is written all the way through without repetition or return of musical material. A (non Romantic) example is
Bohemian Rhapsody
by Queen.
In
strophic music, the same melody is used with new lyrics. Most pop songs are strophic – the verse music repeats with different lyrics each time and the chorus section repeats.
Listen to this song from Schubert’s song cycle
Die
Schone
Mullerin
(1823) – it is an example of a
strophic
song.
Audio -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iEV6oX83WU
Score -
http://burrito.whatbox.ca:15263/imglnks/usimg/1/11/IMSLP33661-SIBLEY1802.6511.16681.5f4c-film1936heft1.pdf
Listen to
Der
Erlkonig
by Schubert’s (1823) – each stanza has new music as the story hears from a new character – it is an example of a
through-composed
song.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XP5RP6OEJI