A changing political and economic environment 19181979 Task The following slides provide you with some key points to consider Build on these points using your class notes and the core textbook ID: 598884
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Theme 1A changing political and economic environment, 1918-1979Slide2
TaskThe following slides provide you with some key points to consider
Build on these points using your class notes and the core textbookSlide3
Prime MinistersLloyd George (Liberal) 1918-22 Bonar Law and
Baldwin (Conservatives) 1922-24
Macdonald (Labour) 1924-24 Baldwin 1924-29 (Labour) MacDonald 1929-31 (Labour)The National Government 1931-9Chamberlain (1937-39)Churchill 1939-45 (Conservatives)Attlee 1945-51 (Labour) Churchill 1951-55 (Conservative)
Eden 1955-57 (Conservative)
Macmillan 1957-63 (Conservative)
Wilson 1964-70 (Labour)
Heath 1970-74 (Conservative)
Wilson 1974-76 (Labour)
Callaghan 1976-79 (Labour)
Slide4
Reasons for changing party fortunesScandal (Peerages, affairs)
Political Acts
(Representation of the Peoples Acts, First Past the Post System)War (WW1, Chanak incident, WW2, Cold War)Political views (Communism, Nationalism, Socialism)Foreign Affairs (Russia, Germany, Suez Canal, Ireland)Manifestoes (Welfare State, taxation)CampaigningSlide5
Economic ChallengesWW1
(loss of trade, debt, value of the pound, inflation, technological development)Recession
DepressionUnemploymentStagflationWW2RationingValue of the poundCompetiveness of British industryWorker-employer relationsGovernment debtToo much focus on defenceForeign Affairs (OPEC, Wall Street Crash)Slide6
How did governments deal with economic change?Consider:The extent to which solutions were considered practically achievable and politically acceptable
The level of understanding of the root cause of the problemThe existence of received wisdom (or an ideology) that shaped and informed decision-making
The prioritisation of the problemSlide7
Solutions of the 1920sGold Standard (Return to in 1925)
TaxationInterest rates (Raised)
ProtectionismSlide8
Solutions of the 1930sSpending/pay cutsGold Standard
(Left in 1931)Rearmament (1935)
Interest rates (Reduced)Slide9
Solutions of the 1940sEssential Work Orders (1941)
Keynesian approach (Rather than balancing the budget, the government should borrow and spend to stimulate the economy)
NationalisationAusteritySlide10
Solutions of the 1950sKeynesian approach‘Stop-go’ policies:
Taxation (Raised and cut when needed)
Pay increases (Limited when needed) Interest rates (Lowered when needed)Remember the term ‘Butskellism’Slide11
Solutions of the 1960sInvestment in new technology‘Stop-go’ policies
BorrowingEuropean Economic Community (Britain asked to join in 1967 but was refused)
NEDDYNICKYNational Board on Prices and IncomesPrices and Incomes ActIndustrial Reorganisation Corporation (IRC)DevaluationSlide12
Solutions of the 1970sPrices and wages capped (The government was forced to do this due to foreign affairs)
IRC (Scrapped)Spending Cuts
Taxation (Reduced)IMFSlide13
Challenges in the work placeProblems:Red Clyde sideMiners’ Strike
General StrikeGreat Depression
Betteshanger StrikeBevin BoysWelsh Miners’ Strike, 1944Ford StrikesWildcat StrikesGirling Bake StrikeMiners’ Strikes 1970sHaulage StrikePublic Sector StrikeYou need to know the causes and impact of these events. Also consider severity and level of threat to the governmentSlide14
Challenges in the work placeSolutions:Unemployment Insurance ActTrades Disputes Act (also a problem)
Coal Mines ActFactory ActSpecial Areas Act
WW2The Industrial CharterEqual Pay ActSex Discrimination ActEmployment Protection Act Industrial Relations Act