Chapter 1: Introduction DC Medical Terminology - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Chapter 1: Introduction

DC Medical Terminology

Word Elements (pg 3)

Medical words consist of some or all of the following:

Word root

Combining form

Suffix

Prefix

Combination of these elements lead to the meaning of the word.

Word Root (pg 4)

Word root is the main part or foundation of the word.

What is the root in the following words?

Teacher, teaches, teaching

Root words can be single terms or parts of words.

Example: sperm vs spermicide

In medical terms the root is usually an anatomical structure.

Example:

cardi

/ac, cardiogram

Usually Greek or Latin base

Combining Forms (pg 5)

Combining forms are when root word combines with a vowel, usually an o, enabling two words elements to be linked.

What is the combining form with: thermometer,

gastroscope

Can connect two words:

Combine these words:

Chem

& therapy

Dermat

& logy

Leuk

&

cyte

Makes words easier to

prounounce

Suffixes (pg 7)

Suffix is located at the end of a word.

Substitution of suffix changes the meaning of a word.

In medical terminology usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech.

Example: -

er

, meaning one who

-it is meaning inflammation

What is the difference between: dentist vs. dental

Three Rules of Word Building

1. A word root links a suffix that beings with a vowel

2. A combining form (

root+o

) links a suffix that begins with a constant

3. A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (Even if next root begins with a vowel.)

Practice – Rule 1

Word RootSuffixNew WordLeuk-emiaGastr-it isAppend-ectomy

1. A word root links a suffix that beings with a vowel

Practice – Rule 1

Word

Root

Suffix

New Word

Leuk

-

emia

Leukemia

Gastr

-it is

Gastritis

Append

-

ectomy

appendectomy

Practice – Rule 2

Word RootSuffixMedical TermGastr-scopeMen-rrheaAngi-rrhexis

2. A combining form (

root+o

) links a suffix that begins with a constant

Practice – Rule 2

Word Root

Suffix

Medical Term

Gastr

-scope

Gasteroscope

Men

-

rrhea

Menorrhea

Angi

-

rrhexis

angiorrhexis

Practice – Rule 3

Word RootWord RootSuffixMedical TermOsteChondr-itisOsteChondr-omaOsteArthro-itis

3. A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (Even if next root begins with a vowel.)

Practice – Rule 3

Word RootWord RootSuffixMedical TermOsteChondr-itisosteochondritisOsteChondr-omaosteochondromaOsteArthro-itisosteoarthritis

Would you use a word root or a combining form as a link to the suffixes –

algia

, -edema, -

uria

?

Prefixes

Prefix is a word element located at the beginning of a word.

Substitution of a prefix changes the meaning of a word.

Prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, or negation.

Example: macro +

cyte

, micro +

cyte

Break down this word:

Postnatal

Post/

nat

/al

After/birth/pertaining to

Defining Medical Terms (pg 14)

Rules:

1. Define the suffix first

2. Define the beginning of the word

3. Define the middle of the word

Example:

Oste

/o/

arthr

/it is

It is=inflammation

Oste

=bone

Arthr

=joint

Term means, inflammation of the bone and joint

Pronunciation Guidelines

Use your CD to learn proper pronunciation of terms

Surgical Suffixes

Suffix

Definition

-

centesis

Surgical puncture

-

clast

To break

-

desis

Binding,

fixation (of a bone or joint)

-

ectomy

Excision, removal

-lysis

Separation;

destruction; loosening

-

pexy

Fixation (of an organ)

-

plasty

Surgical repair

-

rrhapy

Suture

-

stomy

Forming an opening (mouth)

-tome

Instrument to cut

-

tomy

Incision

-

tripsy

Crushing

Diagnostic Suffixes

Suffix

Definition

-gram

Record, writing

-graph

Instrument for recording

-

graphy

Process of

recording

-meter

Instrument for measuring

-

metry

Act of measuring

-scope

Instrument for examining

-

scopy

Visual

examination

Pathological Suffixes

Pathological

Suffixes

Definition

-

algia

, -

dynia

Pain

-

cele

Hernia, swelling

-

ectasis

Dilation, expansion

-edema

Swelling

-emesis

Vomiting

-

emia

Blood condition

-

iasis

Abnormal condition

-it is

Inflammation

-

lith

Stone, calculus

-

malacia

Softening

-

megaly

Enlargement

-

oma

Tumor

-

osis

Abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Pathological Suffixes cont…

-

pathy

Disease

-

penia

Decrease, deficiency

-phobia

Fear

-

plegia

Paralysis

-

rrhage

, -

rrhagia

Bursting (of)

-

rrhea

Discharge, flow

-

rrhexis

Rupture

-stenosis

Narrowing stricture

-

toxis

Poison

-trophy

Nourishment,

development

Plural Suffixes

When you change a single word into plural you change the suffix.

Complete Page 22, Section Review 1-2 by Tuesday

Common Prefixes

Prefix

Meaning

A-, an-

Without, not

Circum

-,

peri

-

Around

Dia

-, trans-

Through,

across

Dipl

-, diplo-

Double

Endo-, intra-

In, within

Homo-,

homeo

-

Same

Hypo-

Under, below, deficient

Macro-

Large

Micro-

Small

mono-,

uni

-

One

Post-

After, behind

Pre-,

pro-

Before, in front of

Primi

-

First

Retro-

Backward, behind

Super-

Upper, above