Rock Groups A Rock Is Coherent Copyright 2016 by W W Norton amp Company Inc EARTH5 Figure A1 A Rock Is Natural Copyright 2016 by W W Norton amp Company Inc Figure A2d Natural ID: 546143
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Slide1
Interlude A
Rock GroupsSlide2
A Rock Is Coherent
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
EARTH5 Figure A.1Slide3
A Rock Is Natural
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Figure A.2d
Natural
ManufacturedSlide4
A Rock Is an Aggregate of Minerals
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Figure A.1bSlide5
Cement Holds Rocks Together
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Figure A.1aSlide6
Interlocking Crystals Hold Rocks Together
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Figure A.1bSlide7
Rocks Are Classified By Their Origin
Igneous rock forms from molten material.
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Figure A.3aSlide8
Sedimentary rocks form by cementation or precipitation.
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Figure A.3bSlide9
Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks due to changes in temperature and/or pressure.
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Figure A.3cSlide10
Rock-Forming Environments
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Figure A.4Slide11
Physical Characteristics of Rocks
Grain size is variable.
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Figure A.5a,b
Grain shape is variable.Slide12
Composition can be variable within the same outcrop.
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Figure A.5bSlide13
Layering is defined by the difference in grain size.
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Figure A.6
Foliation is defined by the difference in mineral composition.Slide14
Studying Rocks
Rocks are studied at various scales.
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EARTH5 Figure A.8aSlide15
Rock hammer used for its intended purpose
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Figure A.7aSlide16
Hand Sample
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Figure A.7bSlide17
Hand Lens
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Figure A.7cSlide18
Making Thin Sections
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Figure A.8a,bSlide19
Petrographic Microscope
Thin section viewed in polarized light.
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Figure A.8c,d Slide20
Electron Microprobe
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Figure A.9Slide21
X-Ray Defractometer
(XRD)
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EARTH5 Figure A.10bSlide22
Think–Pair–Share
A geologist working in the field finds an outcrop of rock with layers in it.
Since all three classes of rock can contain layers, how can the geologist determine if the rock is igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic?
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.Slide23
Think–Pair–Share
In the late 1700s, the
Neptunists
and
Plutonists
vigourously
debated the origin of rocks.
Think about where you live.
What observations of rocks and geology can you make to support each of these views?
What observations of rocks and geology show why the
Plutonists won the debate?
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.Slide24
Interlude A Photo Credits
1
Photos
12 /
Alamy
2-3 (
both): Stephen
Marshak
4
sciencephotos/Alamy
5 (left): Stephen Marshak;(center): Courtesy David W. Houseknecht, USGS6 (left): sciencephotos
/
Alamy
; (center): Courtesy of Kent
Ratajeski
, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, U of
Wisconsin
, Madison
7-9
Stephen
Marshak
13
(
left): Tom Bean; (right): Stephen
Marshak
14-17 (all): Stephen
Marshak
19
(
left): Stephen
Marshak
; (right):
Scenics
& Science /
Alamy
20
Product
photo courtesy of JEOL, USA
21
Courtesy
of Joseph H.
Reibenspies
, Texas A & M
University
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Slide25
Copyright © 2016 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.