In what ways does your personality resemble your family members In what ways are you alikedifferent from your family Do you dislike the music your parents play Do you wear a style of dress because it is popular ID: 775977
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document " Intro. To Culture Have you ever been to..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Intro. To Culture
Have you ever been told that you resemble your mom or dad?
In what ways does your personality resemble your family members?
Slide2Slide3In what ways are you alike/different from your family?
Do you dislike the music your parents play?
Do you wear a style of dress because it is popular?
Slide4Material CultureSkyscrapersComputersCell phonesCarsTVs
Non-material CultureBeliefsRulesCustomsFamily systemCapitalist economy
Culture
Knowledge, language, values, customs, and physical objects passed down from generation to generation Helps explain human social behaviorCulture is LEARNED; human cultural behavior must be LEARNED
Slide5Group of people that live in a defined territory and participate in a common culture
Society
Slide6What makes up your cultural personality?NatureGenetic make-up (biology)
Culture vs. Instinct
Slide7Nature/Biology
Reflex
Biologically inherited reaction to a physical stimuli
Pupils contract in bright light
Drives
Impulse to reduce discomfort
Hungry? - you eat; Tired? - you sleep
These do not control
all
human behavior
Slide8What makes up your cultural personality?NurtureEnvironmental factorsCulture
Nature vs Nurture
Slide9WE ARE A PRODUCT OF OUR HEREDITY AND CULTURE!!!
It’s Nature AND Nurture BABY!
Slide10Knowing your culture
The pen is mightier than… Better safe than…Don’t bite the hand that…No news is…A penny saved is a…Children should be seen and not…Better late…
the sword
sorry
feeds you
good news
penny earned
heard
than never
Let's look at NURTURE!
Slide11Culture is learned through…SYMBOLS
Physical objects, sounds, smells, tastes, words words are a symbol for an objectApplauseConcert in US = positiveAthlete in Latin America = negativeLanguage frees us of time and placeAllows future generations to access the same materialCultural TransmissionPassing of culture from generation to generation
Let's look at NURTURE!
Slide12Symbols that guide realityThe more important the idea/concept/physical object the more words we have to represent itUS: snow = few wordsInuit (Eskimo): snow = more than twentyYour perception of the world differs/alters as you learn new language
Language
List all the words you use for “clothes”? “food”?
Hypothesis of linguistic relativity
Slide13AccoutrementApparelCostumeDressDudsEnsembleFrockGarbGarmentsGearHand me downsOutfitRagsRegaliaSunday BestThreadsWardrobe
BiteChowCookingCuisineDietEatsEntréeFareFeastFuelGroceriesGrubMealMessMunchiesNourishmentRationSlopSnackSustenance
Clothing
Food
Slide14Body language and gestures are not always universal. Based on our reading of “What’s A-OK in the U.S.A is Lewd and Worthless Beyond” what happens when the gestures we use here in the United States don’t cross over our borders?
Answer the following:
What is the gesture?
What does it mean here in the US?
What is its meaning in at least one other country mentioned in the article?
Slide151.
2.
Slide163.
4.
Slide17Components of
NormsRules defining behavior in a specific situationTaught through the use of sanctions (rewards and punishments)Standing in line for concert ticketsApplaud for a guest speakerLaws against stealingUnaware that we are guided by norms, until they are brokenCutting in line for concert ticketsValuesBroad ideas about what most people in a society/group consider desirableDo not dictate a specific behaviorBeliefsIdeas about realityCan be true or falseGermans believed if they put a poster of Hitler on their walls, it would prevent the walls from crumbling during bombing (false)No intelligent life exists on Mars (true – based on scientific evidence)Behavior is based at some level on our beliefsPhysical objectsMaterial cultureHow we relate to physical objects
Culture
Slide18NormPhysical ObjectLanguageSymbolValue
Broad ideas about what most people in a society consider desirableRules defining a specific behaviorMaterial CultureSounds, smells, tastes, wordsFrees us from place and time
Matching
A
E
D
C
B
Slide19Types of
FolkwaysMoresTaboosLaws
Norms
Slide20Norms that lack moral significanceNot considered vital to group welfareDisapproval for breaking a folkway is not costlySleeping on the floor vs. in a bedTalking on a cell phone in the moviesSmoking in public places (folkway turned law as norms changed)
Folkways
Slide21Norms with GREAT moral significanceVital to well being of society; therefore, conformity is a social requirementCheating on a testDo not cry “fire” in a public placePay back borrowed money
Mores
Slide22Remember…
A
folkway
is more of a preference than a requirement
How does your family eat dinner? (At the table, in front of the tv, together, on-your-own, eat out, daily discussion)
What are the folkways of the cafeteria?
AND
A
more
is more of a requirement than a preference
Slide23MORE
Most serious mores are TABOOSViolation demands punishment by groupNot laws, but unacceptableMany relate to sexual behaviorsIncestCannibalism
Mores
Slide24Formally defined and enforced by officialsConsciously created and enforcedGuided by mores – as culture changes so do the laws (ie. smoking ban in public places) Essential for society’s well beingRunning a red lightMurder
Laws
p.86 silly laws chart
p84 pictures, what is being followed or broken?
Slide25Slide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31Rewards/Punishments that encourage people to follow normsBy a certain age we conform to norms, etc. without threat of sanctionsBelieve specific behavior is appropriateAvoid guilty feelingsFear social disapproval
Sanctions
Slide32Which Are
Types Of
Are Used
To Enforce
That Are Based On
Sanctions
Norms
Laws
Mores
Folkways
Values
Slide33FormalApplied only by officials (judges, teachers)Reward – Congressional Medal of HonorPunishment – Hockey player’s loss of eligibility after hitting another player in the face (requiring more than 20 stitches)InformalApplied by most members of a groupReward – thanking someone for their helpPunishment – staring at someone for talking while someone else is talking
Sanctions
Slide34Broad ideas about what most people in a society/group consider desirableNorms are based on them – even societies with different norms can have similar values! EXAMPLE: Norms: Free Speech Norms: Medical Care Free Enterprise Education
Values
Freedom
Slide35Duggar Family (US) – 19 kids and counting! One Child Policy (China)
Differing Values
Values affect how family relationships are conducted, how people treat each other, how organizations are run, how people worship, etc!
Slide36Ideas about realityCan be TRUE or FALSEWWII Germans – Poster of Hitler on wall would prevent it from crumblingNo intelligent life on Mars – Scientifically provenBehavior is based at some level on beliefs regardless of whether or not they are true!
Beliefs
Slide37Help us to assign cultural meaning to physical objects (material culture)Not defined by physical characteristicsRather defined by our beliefs, norms, & values -Out of service trolley: restaurant - More “secular” instruments in church - The CLAW
Beliefs
Slide38Have your group select a physical object (material culture) from the box. Explain its cultural significance. Over time, has its meaning changed? Explain
Beliefs
Slide39OPENING ACTIVITY
Think of an example of real and ideal culture at Council Rock North.
Should the aspect of ideal culture be abandoned?
Why or why not?
Slide40Simply because we have cultural guidelines…
Cultural guidelines publicly embraced by society – “how we should behave” High set of standards that most people aim forHelp to detect deviant behavior – (Sanctions!)Society’s actual behavior! – “how we actually behave”
Ideal Culture
Real Culture
Slide41IDEAL vs. REAL
EXAMPLESIDEAL CULTURE = HONESTYREAL CULTURE = student cheat on tests, people violate tax lawsEXTREMES like murder, rape, etc. are part of NEITHER culture because they violate both!
Slide42Let’s Practice…
Cultural Components Worksheet
Slide43does change over time
Grandparents may not have gone to collegeAs teenagers, your parents did not email or text friends (communication)Interracial dating (still not very common but much more widely practiced)
Culture
Slide44does change over time
3 REASONS1) Discovery – process of finding something that already exists EXAMPLE: Athletic ability of women – always existed but recently acknowledged2) Invention – creation of something new EXAMPLE: Steam engine, cell phone, i-Pod3) Diffusion – borrowing aspects from other cultures EXAMPLE: Food: tacos, pizza, hamburgers (McDonalds) Piñatas - celebrations
Culture
Slide45Slide46i-Pod?
Slide47Latin America
United States
Slide48Once people learn a culture we become strongly committed to it, can’t think of/imagine any other way to liveWhen people judge others based on our own cultural standards =
Cultural Diversity exists...
Ethnocentrism
I can’t imagine my life without my trusty cell phone!
Slide49However, differences do exist in society because of various social categoriesSocial categories – groups that share a social characteristic (age, gender, religion, etc.)
Cultural Diversity exists...
Slide50Subculture - Part of a larger culture/society but differs in an important respectEXAMPLES: Chinatown – Chinese immigrants pass down their native culture while also being affected by American culture …Youth…musicians…jocks and athletes…
Cultural Diversity exists...
Slide51CountercultureA subculture that is consciously opposed to certain central beliefs/attitudes of the larger cultureMotorcycle gangs, KKK, drug groups, goth, punk
Cultural Diversity exists...
Slide52Across ALL cultures there exists over ____common cultural traits – Essential to the survival of cultures!!! Biological needs – Because food is necessary, cooking must be done Physical needs – Because protection is necessary for survival, shelter must be created Social Problems – Because new members must be taught culture, educational methods are used
Cultural Diversity exists...
70
Cultural Universals
Slide53Not all cultural universals are carried out in thesame way = Examples: US – Typical for women to raise children New Guinea – Men completely in chargeCan you think of Cultural Particulars for…Cooking ? Marriage ? Sports ? Family ?
Cultural Diversity exists...
Cultural Particulars
Child Raising