MAGAART Conference on Stability Democracy and Rights at Maseno University 78 December 2015 Bodil Folke Frederiksen Roskilde University Mungiki Social movement organization ID: 429883
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Slide1
Organization and political participation in Kenya: civil and uncivil society
MAGAART
Conference
on Stability, Democracy and Rights at
Maseno
University, 7-8 December
2015
Bodil Folke Frederiksen
Roskilde UniversitySlide2
Mungiki
Social
movement
/
organization
/
sect
in Kenya, 1985- ?
Based
on generation (
youth
),
ethnicity
and religion (Kikuyu/Christian
)
Legal status: Membership
based
;
p
rohibited
Activities
:
Entrepreneurship
,
militia
,
extortion
,
control
/
ownership
of
infra-structure
(
matatus
), support of
victims
of
persecution
, rituals as basis of
belonging
/
cohesion
Infiltration of
political
parties
Political
campaigns
-
representationSlide3
QuestionsW
hat
is
politics
W
ho
is
entitled
to
paticipate
?
W
ho
is
excluded
?
Where
does
politics
happen
?
Who
are
entitled
to
convene
public
spheres
/
spaces
?
Which
political
issues
are
amenable to
debate
in ’
convened
public
spheres
/
spaces
’?
Which
take
place
outside
these
spheres
/
spaces
?
Slide4
InspirationsSubaltern
history
- Asia (
Ranajit
Guha
,
Partha
Chatterjee
)
Theories
on public
spheres
– Europe
and Kenya
(E. S.
Atieno
Odhiambo
),
Theories
on
political
culture
, civil society and
democratic
participation in
Africa
(Bruce
Berman
, Nelson
Kasfir
) Slide5
Propositions IPolitical
participation in Kenya is
broad
and
deep
but not
necessarily
in
pursuit
of
democratic
transition and
consolidation
Kenyans
find
their
avenue of
political
influence
and
activity
in organisations
based
on
collective
identities
and
collective
entitlements
more
than
in
those
based
on
individual
identity
and
rightsSlide6
Propositions IIOrganisations
based
on
individual
rights
exclude
more
than
they
include
I
nclusion
and
exclusion
in organisations
based
on
collective
identities
are
rooted
in histories of
belongingSlide7
Propositions IIIIn the West
some
identity
based
organisations
are
viewed
as
legitimate
venues
of
political
mobilisation
and action: eg
those
based
on
gender
, nation,
class
,
some
based
on
faith
.
Others
are
illegitimate
: eg
those
based
on
ethnicity
and caste,
others
based
on
faith
The latter
may
be
understood
as
making
up ‘
political
society’ (
Partha
Chatterjee
),
participatory
,
influential
,
mobilizing
and
acting
in ‘
uncivil
’
waysSlide8
Civil societyCivil
society
politics
:
- legal
-
carried
out by
rights-carrying
sovereign
citizens
-
volutary
associations
-
homogenous
- accepts
state
authority
-
orderlySlide9
Political Society
- on the
border
between
legal and
illegal,
carried
out by diverse population
groups
-
constituted
by
state
policies
and interventions
-
recognizes
difference
- loyal to multiple
authorities
-
negotiation
with
state
institutions
-
messy