The Executive Branch Article II - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The Executive Branch

Article II

Slide2

Powers of the President

Slide3

Formal Powers

Those powers listed in the Constitution

These powers are also called …?

Slide4

Foreign Wars (send troops)

Shared?

Yes! Congress declares war

Slide5

Execute laws

Shared?

No. President is chief executive.

Slide6

Pardons and Reprieves

Shared?

No. President does not need approval. (example: Ford pardons Nixon)

Slide7

Treaties and foreign policy

Shared?

Yes. Senate approves treaties and is involved in foreign relations

Slide8

Appoint officials

Shared?

Yes. Makes his own nominations, but Senate approves.

Slide9

Call Special Sessions

Shared?

No … but congress must attend

Slide10

Veto Legislation

Shared?

No. Only President can veto, but Congress can overturn with a 2/3 vote

Slide11

State of the Union

Shared?

No. It is delivered to Congress.

Slide12

In charge of army/navy

Shared?

No. President is commander-in-chief

Slide13

Propose Budget

Shared?

Yes. Congress helps create and approve

Slide14

Informal powers

Not specifically listed in Constitution

Also called …?

Slide15

Ceremonies

Shared?

No

Slide16

Invite diplomats to White House

Shared?

No. Receiving diplomats is a formal power, but not the White House.

Slide17

Shape Public Opinion

Shared?

Yes … with Linkage Institutions (Media, Interest groups, Parties)

Slide18

Persuade Others

Shared?

Yes. Shared with everyone; politicians, media, IG, parties, public

Slide19

Party Platform

Shared?

Yes, with party (determine what is important and what the party position will be on issues)

Slide20

Set policy agenda

Shared?

Yes, with other branches and linkage institutions.

Slide21

The President’s many hats



(roles of the President)

Diplomatic

LegislativeMilitaryExecutiveEconomicParty

Slide22

Diplomatic

Chief of State (Representative of the Nation)

Foreign Policy Leader

Make treaties

and executive agreement (agreement with other nations, no Senate approval) Welcome foreign leadersSend foreign aid (troops, financial, etc.) Name ambassadorsDevelop foreign policy and national securityRecognize other nationsCeremonies, symbolic events

Slide23

Legislative

Chief agenda setter

Propose legislation

Sign or veto bills

Invite members of Congress to the White HouseCall special sessionsSet public policy and policy agendaState of the union (outline the year’s agenda) Bully pulpit: use office to promote programs and influence Congress to accept legislative proposals

Slide24

Military

Commander-in-chief

(civilian leader of the military)

Send troops

to stop riots, provide defense, combatWar making powers shared with Congress (who declares war) Appointments (Joint Chiefs of Staff, head of CIA) Works with Department of Defense to decide strategy during warDecision on whether to bomb

Slide25

Executive

Chief Executive

Manages bureaucracy and executive branch

(hires/fires, hold meetings)

Appoint officials, cabinet members, SCOTUS, federal judges (*senatorial courtesy – home state senators consulted before president nominates) Grant pardons (excuse offenders for crime) and reprieves (delay enactment of penalties)Executive order: issued to carry out law or new regulation that has same effect as law (can’t violate an existing law – Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell) Executive Privilege: right to withhold information from Congress or refuse to testify (limited by US v. Nixon)

Slide26

Economic

Propose Budget, Congress modifies and approves, President approves

Work with Secretary of the Treasury

Policies to handle unemployment and inflation

Propose tax cuts/increasesMeet with economic advisorsAppoint chairmen of Federal Reserve (makes decisions about interest rates and money supply) Trade agreements

Slide27

Party

Party Leader

Focus and direction for party (set platform)

Work with party leaders and Congress members to pass legislation into law

Persuade public, media, politicians, interest groups Shape public opinionCampaigns for party members; appears at fundraisers and eventsParties are not in the Constitution; this role is based on custom

Slide28

How does the President use his powers and duties to check on the Legislative and Judicial branch?

Slide29

Executive checks on Legislative

VETO POWER

Line item veto

1996 Line Item Veto Act ruled unconstitutional in Clinton v. U.S.

Setting policy agenda (influencing Congressmen, the public, State of the Union, using the media, etc.) Call Special Session of Congress **(Executive Order – give directive to bureaucracy without Congress passing a law) **(Executive Agreement – make agreement with leader of another country, doesn’t need Senate approval but is not U.S. law and is not binding for other Presidents)

Slide30

Executive checks on Judicial

Power to grant pardons and reprieves

Pardon: legal forgiveness of a crime

Reprieve: postponement of the execution of a sentence (can delay punishment)

Power to appoint justices to the SCOTUSImportant because they can nominate someone who shares their views, and they keep that appointment for life

Slide31

The President

Qualifications and Characteristics

Slide32

Formal Qualifications

35 years old

Natural born citizen

14 year resident

4 year term2 term limit

Slide33

Informal Qualifications

Background in business or public service

Political or military service

Well-educated

White, male, middle-upper class, Protestant Married

Catholic

Bachelor

Not White

Slide34

Modern Presidents

What defined their presidency?

Slide35

Eisenhower

President during Brown v. Board

Slide36

JFK

Bay of Pigs

Cuban Missile Crisis

Assassination

Slide37

Johnson (LBJ)

Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act

Slide38

Nixon

Out of Vietnam

Watergate

Slide39

Ford

Pardons Nixon

Set nuclear limits

Slide40

Carter

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Diplomatic relations (Egypt/Israel)

Slide41

Reagan

Restores national pride

Reaganomics

Slide42

Bush (H/Sr.)

Gulf War

Slide43

Clinton

Impeachment

Economy improves

Slide44

Bush (W)

9/11

Homeland Security

Slide45

Obama

First African-American President

Troops out of Iraq