Managers are facing unique challenges as Digital Technologies permeate the workplace - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Managers are facing unique challenges as Digital Technologies permeate the workplaceChapter 1 - Managing in the Digital World

2. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives

3. Information Systems Today

4. Information is a Valuable Resource

5. The Rise of the Information Age

6. Five IT Megatrends in the Information Age

7. Five IT Megatrends in the Information Age:Mobile ComputingMany believe that we’re living in a post-PC era.In the developing world mobile devices often leapfrog traditional PCs.Implications:Increased collaborationThe ability to manage business in real timeNew ways to reach customers

8. Five IT Megatrends in the Information Age:Social MediaOver 800 million Facebook users share status updates or pictures with friends and familyOrganizations use social media to encourage employee collaboration or to connect with their customers

9. Five IT Megatrends in the Information Age:Big DataIDC estimated that in 2011, 1.8 zettabytes of data were generated and consumedHow much is 1.8 zettabytes? 1.8 trillion gigabytes, or the equivalent of 57 billion 32GB iPads (IDC, 2011)This number is forecast to grow by 50 times by 2020

10. Five IT Megatrends in the Information Age:Cloud ComputingWeb technologies enable using the Internet as the platform for applications and dataMany regard cloud computing as the beginning of the “fourth wave” the applications but also the data reside in the cloud

11. Five IT Megatrends in the Information Age:Consumerization of ITConsumerization may be the most significant trend affecting organizational IT personnelToday’s employees bring their own devices to workInitially used for emails / social networkingNow used for other important tasks such as enterprise resource planningCreates security concernsOpens up new opportunities

12. Evolution of Globalization

13. Key Factors Enabling GlobalizationThe fall of the Berlin WallThe Windows operating systemThe Internet — release of the Netscape Web browserFalling telecommunications costs

14. The Rise of Information Systems OutsourcingOutsourcing: moving of business processes or tasks to another companyFacilitated by declining telecommunication costsDriven by cost reductionReduced labor costs for low-skilled labor: Apple outsourcing manufacturing to ChinaReduced labor costs for relatively high-skilled labor: Boeing outsourcing 787 Aeronautical Engineering to Russia

15. The Rise of Information Systems Outsourcing:Key Reasons for OutsourcingTo reduce or control costsTo free up internal resourcesTo gain access to world-class capabilitiesTo increase revenue potential of the organizationTo reduce time to marketTo increase process efficienciesTo be able to focus on core activitiesTo source specific capabilities or skills

16. Opportunities of Operating in the Digital WorldFalling Transportation CostsShipping a bottle of wine from Australia to Europe merely costs a few centsFalling Telecommunication CostsThese have helped create shared perspectives of behavior, desirable goods, and even forms of governmentReaching Global MarketsAccessing a Global Labor PoolHighly skilled or low cost labor pools exist in many countries which are now economically accessible

17. Challenges of Operating in the Digital WorldGovernmentPolitical instabilityRegulatory: privacy, control, standards, censorship GeopoliticalTime zones, infrastructure Workforce: welfare, demographics, expertiseCulturalWorking with, providing services too

18. Information Systems Defined

19. Data: The Root and Purpose of Information SystemsData is analyzed and processed into informationWhen there is an ability to understand the information and make decisions using it, it becomes knowledge

20. The Components of Information SystemsFive Components of Information Systems:PeopleTelecommunicationsHardwareDataSoftware

21. People: The Builders, Managers, and Users of Information SystemsAn ecosystem of Users, Builders, Managers, and those who study information systemsAs the use of information systems grows, so does the need for dedicated IS professionalsGrowing demand focused on those with advanced and/or unique skills

22. IS Positions Rank Among the Best Jobs in AmericaRankCareerJob Growth (10-year forecast)Median Pay1Software developer32%$82,4002Physical therapist30%$75,9003Financial adviser30%$93,9004Civil engineer24%$74,7005Marketing specialist28%$52,2006Management consultant24%$111,0007IT consultant20%$96,5008Database administrator20%$86,6009Financial analyst20%$62,60010Environmental engineer31%$81,200

23. Organizations: The Context of Information SystemsInformation Systems can help organizationsBe more productive and profitableGain competitive advantageReach more customers Improve service to their customersThis holds true for all types of organizations—professional, social, religious, educational, and governmental

24. The Dual Nature of Information Systems

25. Information Systems for Competitive AdvantageFedEx is just one firm using information systems for competitive advantageFirms of all types and sizes can use information systems to gain or sustain a competitive advantage over their rivalsWhether it is a small mom-and-pop boutique or a large government agency, every organization can find a way to use information technology to beat its rivals

26. Why Information Systems MatterDoes IT matter?A classic article in 2003 pointed out many existing information system elements have become commoditized—argues focus will turn to pure cost reductionHowever, the continuous innovation still being seen in information systems has some companies realizing strategic advantage from the innovative uses thereofStill, such advantage can be fleeting, and companies using information systems for strategic advantage need to keep innovating

27. Coming AttractionsThe Future of Cloud-Based CommunicationsBy 2020, all sorts of our communications-related information could come to be stored in the cloudThis information could be analyzedHelping know where friends and family areKnowing how and when to reach themThe cloud could wind up knowing more about our lives then we doStill, the benefits could be amazing

28. IS Ethics

29. Computer ethics “Describes the moral issues and standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of information systems”Collecting and analyzing user data may have negative impactsSocial decayIncreased consumerismLoss of privacy

30. Richard O. Mason: “PAPA” Ethical Concerns -Privacy, Accuracy, Property, and AccessibilityPrivacy: What information should you have to reveal online or in the workplace?Accuracy: Is the data regarding individuals accurate? Can individuals access their data and verify the accuracy thereof? What are the impacts of inaccuracies?Property: Company owns the data/databases they keep on individuals, and can sell the information as long as it doesn’t violate stated privacy policies when gathering it.Accessibility: This circles back to the Digital Divide. Who has access to information, and the skills to leverage it?

31. Intellectual PropertyCopying digital music is almost effortlessIn many non-Western societies, using someone else’s work is considered praise for the creatorUsing another’s work without purchase or attribution has significant legal and ethical ramifications

32. The Need for a Code of Ethical Conduct:Computer Ethics Institute GuidelinesThe guidelines prohibit:Using a computer to harm othersInterfering with other people’s computer workSnooping in other people’s filesUsing a computer to stealUsing a computer to bear false witnessCopying or using proprietary software without paying for itUsing other’s resources without authorization or compensationAppropriating other people’s intellectual outputThe guidelines recommend:Review social consequences of programs and systems you designUse computers in ways that show consideration and respect for others

33. The Digital DivideMany people are being left behind in the information ageStrong linkage between computer literacy and a person’s ability to compete in the information agePeople in rural communities, the elderly, people with disabilities, and minorities lag behind national averages for Internet access and computer literacyThe challenges in overcoming the digital divide are even greater in developing countries

34. End of Chapter Content

35. Managing in the Digital World: AppleFounded in a garage by Steve Jobs and Steve WozniakBoth left after management power strugglesSteve Jobs eventually came back to lead the companyOriginally just made computers, both successes and failuresNow a world leader in innovative productsIntroduced the iPod in 2001Introduced iPhone (and the app store) in 2007Introduced the iPad in 2010Apple continues to innovate, integrating attractive design with functionality and ease-of-use

36. Brief Case: Technology at StarbucksA not-so-simple coffee storeUsing technology to support successFree in-store Wi-Fi access, paired with free access to music & content from the Wall Street Journal, The Economist, and other sourcesA retail leader in mobile payments, customers can pay using a phone app that generates an on-screen barcodeContextual Retailing: baristas can be alerted to a customers drink preferences, and the music in a store could even be tailored to the collective tastes of the customers present at that moment

37. Who’s Going MobileThe Evolution of Post-PC DevicesPalm Computing set off the beginning of PDAs (personal digital assistants)A wave of PDAs followed, but initially few found the technology usefulBlackBerry took the lead by enabling push-based email on a mobile deviceIn 2007, Apple’s iPhone was launchedIn 2008, Android followedIn 2010 the iPad was launchedSlate computers now come from many vendors

38. Key Players: Wipro and Infosys—The Global Outsourcing LeadersInfosys:Introduced the “global delivery model,” taking the work to where the talent is, where it is most economical, and where the potential risk involved is minimized.Wipro:Provides IS development and technical support to businesses.Become a service provider for 150 global Fortune 500 clients.

39. When Things Go Wrong:Failure: The Path to Success?Apple Has Had an Amazing String of FailuresThe not-so-revolutionary PDA Newton – 1993The Pippin Game Player – 1993 The overpriced and underpowered TAM (Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh) – 1997The Macintosh television – 1993The iMac G3 puck mouse – often mistakenly used upside downThe $9,995 Lisa – 1983Learning from failures, Apple is now highly successful

40. Ethical Dilemma:The Future of Cloud-Based CommunicationsBy 2020, all sorts of our communications-related information could come to be stored in the cloudThis information could be analyzed, for example, by helping us know when and where friends and family are and how and when to reach themThe cloud could wind up knowing more about our lives then ourselvesWhile concerning, the benefits could be amazing

41. Industry Analysis:Business Career OutlookThere is a shortage of business professionals with the necessary “global skills” for operating in the digital world.You can hone your global skills by:Gaining International ExperienceLearning More Than One LanguageSensitizing Yourself to Global Cultural and Political Issues

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