animal oncology DR KAUSHAL KUMAR Assistant Professor amp Head Department of Veterinary Pathology Bihar Veterinary College BASU Patna Put on your thinking cap Can you be immune to cancer ID: 926565
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Tumour immunityvpp-603animal oncology
DR. KAUSHAL KUMAR
Assistant Professor & Head
Department of Veterinary Pathology
Bihar Veterinary College, BASU, Patna
Slide2Put on your thinking cap
Can you be immune to cancer?
Does immunity fight cancer?
How do
tumors
evade immune system?
Slide3Introduction
Cancer is a major health problem worldwide.
The lethality of malignant
tumors
is due to their uncontrolled growth within normal tissues.
Immuno-surveillance =
Recognition and destruction of non-self tumour cells on their appearance, by the immune system.
Cancer Incidence suggests that immune surveillance is imperfect.
What are the mechanism involved in escaping such strict surveillance/policing?
Slide4Tumour Immunity
.
Malignant
transformation results in expression of proteins that are treated as Non-self by immune system and
HOST DEFENCE AGAINST
such oncoproteins
ie
., recognition and destruction system deals with TUMOUR IMMUNITY.
Slide5Tumour Antigens
.
Antigens that produces immune response are of two types:
Tumour
specific antigens and
tumor associated Antigens
Slide6Tumour Specific Antigens
.
Present exclusively on tumor cell only.
Many chemically induced
tumours
expresses UNIQUE antigen which could not be shared by other histologically
similar tumor
induced by
same chemical
,
even in the
Same individual /
animals.
Their
antigen also induce RESISTANCE to a tumor transplant=
Tumour
Specific
T
ransplant Antigen (TSTA)
The
uniqueness
of TSA you to
random mutation
in different set of normal genes which encode for onco
-
protein
These O
nco-protein complexes with MHC class 1 protein and forms a distinct tumor antigen which in turn evoke a different CD8+ T Cell response
Slide7Tumour Associated Antigens
.
These are not specific to individual
tumors
but also shared by some normal cells.
TAA are NORMAL CELLS PROTEIN- they neither evoke immune response nor important in
tumor
rejection
They are helpful in in
tumor
diagnosis and immunotherapy
E.g., Onco
-
fetal
antigen/ embryonic antigen such as Alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) are marker for some
tumor
s
Slide8Anti-tumour Effector Mechanism
B
oth CMI and humoral immunity/AMI have Anti-
tuomou
r
activity.
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte
-
play protective role against virus induced neoplasm and experimentally induced tumor.
N K Cells
-
First Line Of
Defence
against many tumors.
-
also participates in ADCC
Macrophages:
-Gamma interferon-macrophage activation-TNF/ free
redical
production- Tumor killing.
Humoral Mechanism:
- by activation of complement system
- by induction of ADCC by NK cells
Slide9thanks
Reference:
BOOK- A Textbook of Veterinary General Pathology. by J. L.
Vegad
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