Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 40 International License RESPONSE Support skeletal movement Maintain body position Protect vital tissues deep within body ID: 919043
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Slide1
By Ms.
Maerna Kauffman
Muscle System POGIL
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial
4.0 International License
Slide2RESPONSE:
Support skeletal movementMaintain body position
Protect vital tissues deep within bodyGuard entrances and exits
Maintain body temperature
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2005113
Published Jan 25, 2018
:
Mitochondria produce heat and may be nearly at 50
o
C! (122oF)Average body temperature is 37oC (98oF)
1. How many functions of the muscular system can you think of?
Slide3Muscle histology review:
2. What are the three types of muscle tissues, and what are the differences between them?
Smooth
lines hollow organsno striationsCardiac
in heartintercalated discs
Skeletal
attached to bone
striations
INVOLUNTARY
VOLUNTARY
Which type of muscle tissue would you find in blood vessels (arteries and veins)?
RESPONSE:
Smooth muscle (cardiac is literally heart only)
Slide43. Muscles are classified by their function, AKA what movements they cause. Come up with five general movements performed by muscles.
RESPONSE:
Movement
: Flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adductionMuscle Names
: Flexors, extensors, rotators, abductors, adductors
External rotator
Slide54. The trapezius muscle is found in your back. Looking at the diagram, why do you think it’s named “trapezius”?
RESPONSE: Shaped like a trapezoid (the old definition was a shape with 4, non-parallel sides)
5. The two rhomboid muscles are found in your back. Looking at the diagram, why do you think it’s named “rhomboid”? What do you think the words “major” and “minor” mean?
RESPONSE: They are shaped like a rhombus. The “major” means larger, and “minor” means smaller.
Slide6Trapezius muscle from front view
Slide76. There are several muscles that use the word “serratus”: serratus anterior muscle, serratus posterior superior muscle, and serratus posterior inferior muscle. Based on these images, what do you think “serratus” means?
RESPONSE: Serratus is like serrated
7. The deltoid muscle is found in your shoulder. Looking at the diagrams, why do you think it’s named “deltoid”?
RESPONSE: Greek letter “delta” is a triangle Δ
Muscle looks like a triangle
Slide89. You have biceps brachii
and biceps femoris
. Why do we need the second word? Where do you think these muscles are located? What do you think “brachii” means?
8. Some muscles you might know are the biceps and triceps. What do you think these names mean? (Hint: “cep” is short for “cephalic”)
Triceps
brachii
Biceps
femoris
Bicep = 2 heads
Tricep = 3 heads
To show location
Brachii
= arm
Femoris
= leg
Slide910. In muscles, what is the white tissue featured in diagrams?
RESPONSE: Connective tissue
Tendons
Fascia: surrounds muscles or other structures
(Generally we use “fascia” to describe any indistinct kind of connective tissue)
WARNING: Dissection images
Biceps
brachii
Brachialis
Slide1011. Looking at the diagrams, what do you think an aponeurosis is? What type of tissue do you think it is made of?
Palmar aponeurosis
RESPONSE: Aponeuroses are made of the same tissue type as tendons and ligaments:
dense regular connective tissue
. They are essentially broad, flat tendons (they attach muscles to whatever they act upon, which might be bone or other muscles.)
Slide1112. In order to understand a muscle, there are several aspects of its structure/function you must know. What do you think they are? (Hint: think of all of the things you’d like your surgeon to know before you went in for surgery…)
RESPONSE:
Muscle nameOrigin
: where the muscle beginsInsertion: where the muscle endsArtery
: from where does this muscle gets its blood supply?
Nerve/Innervation
: which nerve controls this muscle?
Action
: what does it do?
Slide12EXAMPLE: Biceps
Brachii
Origin:Short head: coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercleInsertion: radial tuberosityArtery
: brachial artery
Nerve/Innervation
: musculocutaneous nerve
Action
:
Flexes elbow
Supinates forearm
Slide1313. Which muscle would
shorten
(contract) to produce flexion of the elbow: biceps or triceps?
biceps
brachii
triceps
brachii
RESPONSE:
Biceps
brachii
14. Why do you think muscles appear to get bigger/bulge when they contract?
RESPONSE:
The muscle stays the same size; the mass is just displaced (so instead of being
long&thin
, it’s
short&wide
)
Slide14Anterior
Posterior
15. Think about your arm in anatomical position, and wrist flexion & extension.
What is wrist flexion and extension?
Which part of your arm would have muscles that
contract
to produce
flexion
?
Which part of your arm would have muscles that contract to produce extension
?RESPONSE:
Flexors: anterior sideExtensors: posterior side
Note that most muscles here are named by the motion!
Slide15Palmaris Longus Muscle
Some people (14% of population) are born without this muscle
Some people have a palmaris longus muscle in one wrist, but not the other
TO TEST: Touch your pinky and thumb together (opposition), and slightly flex your wrist. The palmaris longus tendon should obviously protrude.
Slide16What if I’m missing my Palmaris Longus Muscle?
The presence/absence of this muscle has no effect on grip strength
It is like a “spare tire”
The tendon of this muscle is frequently used as a source of grafting material for surgery (e.g. ruptured tendon)
There is a similar muscle in the leg called the plantaris muscle
Missing in 8-12% of population
No obvious test (tendon minimally contributes to Achilles tendon)
Also can be used for tendon grafts
Plantaris muscle
16. Look at the image.
What movement is this? (name movement and joint)
What muscle is being
stretched: the wrist flexors or wrist extensors
?
RESPONSE:
Movement:
wrist extension
Muscles being stretched:
wrist flexors
This is because these muscles are being forced to elongateThe extensors are actually shortening in this motion, so they are not being stretched
“Wrist flexor stretch”