2 Understanding and Selecting Storage Save files to a variety of media types including Floppy disks Flash random access memory RAM devices CDs and DVDs Hard disks 3 Disk Drives Hard disk drive ID: 724800
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Chapter 2
Working with Disks and Other Removable Media
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Understanding and Selecting Storage
Save files to a variety of media types, including:
Floppy disks.
Flash random access memory (RAM) devices.
CDs and DVDs.Hard disks.
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Disk Drives
Hard disk drive
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Disk Drives
A disk drive is a mechanical device that reads and writes disks.
The internal hard disk drive for a system has spinning disk platters. A read/write head works with the operating system to
retrieve and store files on the
platter.External hard disks are portable and can be used with multiple systems.
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Disk Drives
A hard disk is
magnetic. It stores
data using positive and negative magnetic polarity.
CD-R and DVD-R discs are optical discs. They store data by using greater and lesser reflectivity on the disc surface.
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Removable Disks
Disk types such as CDs
, DVDs,
and
floppy disks are removable from the drive. For these disk types, the disk and drive are
separate.
A
hard disk
drive is different. It combines a hard disk and a hard drive. No hard disk is separate from the hard drive.
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Flash RAM
Flash RAM is static (nonvolatile) memory.
The device retains its content even when it is unpowered.
The most common type of flash RAM device is a USB flash drive, also called a thumb drive or jump drive.
Use a flash card reader drive to read and write data on wafer-style flash memory cards like those from a digital camera.
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Getting Information About Disks
Click Start, Computer to open the Computer window.
The Computer window shows
all the built-in
drives plus any external drives connected via USB ports or other ports.
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Computer Window
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Getting Information About Disks
Windows assigns drive letters automatically:
A and B.
Floppy drives, if present.
C. Primary hard disk drive.D through Z. Other drives.
The disk icon reflects the drive type. A generic name or custom volume label also identifies the disk.
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Disk Capacity
Computers store data in binary format—a collection of 1s and 0s.
Each individual 0 or 1 is a bit.
Each group of eight bits is a byte, or
a single character of information.The capacity of a disk, size of a file, or amount of memory are all expressed in bytes.
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Disk Capacity
Kilobyte (KB). 1,024 bytes. 2
10
bytes.
Megabyte (MB). 1,048,576 bytes. A kilobyte of kilobytes. Gigabyte (GB). 1,073,741,824 bytes. A kilobyte of megabytes. Terabyte (TB). 1,099,511,627,776 bytes. A kilobyte of gigabytes.
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Disk Capacity
Right-click a drive icon and then click Properties to see its exact amount of total space used and remaining capacity.
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Assigning a Volume Label
You can assign a volume label or descriptive name to a hard or floppy disk.
The volume label may be up to 11 characters, but may not include any of these: * ? = + [ ] | \ /
In the Computer window, right-click the drive icon, click Properties, enter the volume label in the top text box of the General tab, and click OK.
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Working
with Flash Media
Plug a USB flash drive into a USB port, or insert other flash media into a slot on your PC or a card reader.
An AutoPlay window appears to ask what to do with the newly detected storage.
In most cases, the correct choice is Open folder to view files.
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Copying an Item to a Flash Drive
Flash drives, being removable, are useful for moving files from one PC to another.
You can open separate Computer windows for the source folder and flash drive and drag and drop selected files or folders between them.
You also can copy (Ctrl+C) and paste (Ctrl+V) files or folders. Or, right-click the selection, click Send To, and click the name of the flash drive.
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Safely Removing Flash Media
In most cases, you can simply disconnect a removable storage device such as a USB flash drive or external hard disk. Wait 30 seconds after the last file operation before disconnecting.
Eject the device before removing it for added safety.
Right-click the device in a Computer window and click Eject. Or, right-click the Windows Explorer icon in the notification area and click the device’s Eject command.
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Working with CD and DVD Media
Most PCs have at least one optical drive, such as a CD or DVD drive.
Optical media vary depending on the type, number of readable sides, capacity per side, and whether and how many times it can be written.
An AutoPlay window prompts you to choose an activity.
Use Control Panel to choose an AutoPlay setting for a particular disc type, so it will play automatically.
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Copying Files to a Writable CD or DVD
When you insert a new blank, writable CD or DVD disc, an AutoPlay window asks whether you want to burn an audio CD or data disc.
Choose Burn files to disc using Windows Explorer to have Windows 7 walk you through the process of preparing the disc.
Choose Live File System to write multiple instances to the disc.
Then drag files to the disc’s Explorer window to burn (write or copy) them to the disc.
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Viewing
Disk Usage Information
The Computer window graphically indicates disk usage with a blue bar.
When a hard disk is selected, the
details pane at the bottom shows usage and the file system.
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Turning on Disk Compression
Disk compression enables the drive to store files so that they take up less space.
Windows 7 runs
a compression algorithm—a mathematical formula—to remove wasted space
in a file so it uses less disk space.Use the Compress this drive to save disk space check box
in the disk Properties dialog box to apply the compression.
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Checking a Disk for Errors
Hard disks (and
other disks
) may develop errors over time.
Errors may be physical spots on the disk or logical errors created when files are closed improperly.Use the Check Now button on the Tools tab of the drive’s Properties dialog box to run the Check Disk utility, which finds and fixes disk errors.
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Checking Disk Partitioning
Dividing a physical hard disk drive into logical disk drives, each with its own drive letter assigned, is called partitioning.
Each
disk
must have a primary (bootable) partition, which can contain one logical drive.A physical disk also can have an extended partition containing multiple logical
drives.
Use the Disk Management utility from Control Pane to view hard disk partition information.
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Working with an External Hard Disk
An external hard disk appears as a hard disk in the Computer window, but connects via USB or FireWire cable.
An AutoPlay window may appear when you connect an external hard disk.
Use Eject to
stop an external hard disk before disconnecting it.Some external hard disks
connect to a network and are called network addressable storage (NAS).
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Wrap Up
A disk drive reads and writes disks.
Disks can be magnetic or optical.
Flash RAM storage is nonvolatile.
View disk usage information, the volume label, and file system in the Computer window.
Removable media, such as USB flash media, enable you to store and move files.
To copy from a hard disk to a removable device, copy and paste or drag and drop between two Computer windows.
To avoid data corruption, use the Eject feature.
Use compression to save space on a hard disk.
The Check Disk utility finds and fixes disk errors.
A hard disk may be partitioned.
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