God jesus Spirit REAP 2015 Heh Va Heh Yod God YHWH is the only proper name of God in the ID: 736537
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Slide1
DAY 1
Day 3
3. Beliefs: God, Jesus the Christ, SpiritSlide2
God, jesus, SpiritREAP 2015Slide3
Heh
Va Heh Yod Slide4
God
YHWH is the only proper name of God in the Tanakh in the sense of a personal name. Over time, it became forbidden to say the name and the actual pronunciation is lost.Words such as Elohim (god, or authority), El (mighty one), El Shaddai (almighty), Adonai (master),
Elyon (most high), Avinu (our father), are not names but titles, highlighting different aspects of YHWH and the various roles of God.Slide5
Some Key Names/Roles for God in the Old Testament
Eloah: (singular, feminine, used in poetry & Job); Elaha- common name for God as at the Roman Occupation.
Elohim: all powerful one; God of Gods; common name for God. Gen 1:1El Shaddai: God Almighty
Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh: first of three responses given to Moses. “I will be who I will be”YHWH: Tetragammaton. (Four letters-
Yod Heh Wah Heh- “He is” ). Unspoken name of God after the second temple period. (Gen 2:4) Appears 6828 times in OT.Adonai: (plural) The Lord. Used for the name of God since the Hellenistic period.
YHWH Tzevaot: YHWH of hosts- earthly or heavenlyAvinu: Our Father
9. Ha Shem The Name חה
שםSlide6
SpiritSlide7
The Spirit
The Spirit of God in the Old TestamentThe term “Holy Spirit” is a theological statement from the New Testament . However, the concept of the Spirit of God appears frequently in the Old Testament and in the light of the Christian belief in the Trinitarian nature of God, it is possible to explore references to the presence of the Spirit in Israel before Jesus.
The concept of the Spirit of God developed over time in Israel, as did their understanding of God.Slide8
The Spirit of God: Presence to Power to Beinghttp://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/jub/JUBpizz.html
The Spirit of God came to be understood as a sort of “assistance of God” (God who assists his people in the desert, God who helps the Jews through specific duties),
then as “the Presence of God” (the burning bush or the column of fire), or “the Power of God”, until it comes to be understood , as in the later books, somewhat (“quasi”) as a separate being of God
. The texts of Wisdom 15:11, Proverbs 8, Sirach 24, and Psalm 51
are some of the classic examples of this movement.Slide9
The Spirit of the Lord and the MEssiah
In Isaiah, the relation between the spirit and the Messiah is also very important. It is important to note that the idea of the spirit changes in radical ways with the monarchy, especially with the monarchy of David. If at first the spirit was a shattering and transitory power, with the coming of David to the throne, it slowly transforms itself into a stable force, into a continuous assistance for the house of David. If at first the
ruah came as “special envoy”, now it “rests” on the elect of the Lord (2 Kings 2:15). For example, it is said of David that the Lord created him “a man after his own heart” (1 Samuel 13:14). Therefore, the Messiah, his descendant, “shall judge the poor with justice, and decide aright for the land’s afflicted” (Isaiah 11:4). “The spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him: a spirit of wisdom and of understanding, a spirit of knowledge and of fear of the Lord” (Isaiah 11:2). “Here is my servant whom I uphold, my chosen one with whom I am pleased, upon whom I have put my spirit; he shall bring forth justice to the nations” (Isaiah 42:1).
“The spirit of the Lord God is upon me, because the Lord has anointed me; He has sent me to bring glad tidings to the lowly” (Isaiah 61:1). Slide10
The Spirit in the New Testamenthttp://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01061998_p-08_en.html
The revelation of the Holy Spirit as a person distinct from the Father and the Son, foreshadowed in the Old Testament, becomes clear and explicit in the New.
It is true that the New Testament writings do not offer us systematic teaching on the Holy Spirit. However, by gathering the many statements found in the writings of Luke, Paul and John, it is possible to perceive the convergence of these three great currents of New Testament revelation concerning the Holy Spirit.Slide11
Jesus and the Spirit in Luke
Before being baptized with the Holy Spirit and with fire, Jesus was baptized in the Jordan and "the Holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form, as a dove" (Lk 3:22). Luke stresses that Jesus not only goes into the wilderness "led by the Spirit", but that he goes there "full of the Holy Spirit" (Lk 4: 1) and is victorious there over the tempter. He undertakes his mission "in the power of the Spirit" (Lk 4:14). In the synagogue at Nazareth, when he officially begins his mission, Jesus in Luke’s Gospel applies to himself the prophecy of the book of Isaiah (cf. 61:12): "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor" (Lk 4:18).
All of Jesus’ evangelizing activity is thus guided by the Spirit.Slide12
Jesus
Yeshua/Yeshu (God Saves) is the only proper name for the historical Jesus in the New Testament. All other titles either given to him by others or which the gospel writers have him attribute to himself, are roles or theological understandings.Slide13
Theological Titles/Roles for Jesus
Scripture Titles
Son of God
King of the Jews
Son of ManProphet
Messiah (Christ)Saviour
Lamb of God
Suffering Servant
Master/TeacherEmmanuel
Rabbi/
Rabbouni
/
Logos
Lord
Great High Priest
Holy One of God
Alpha & Omega
I Am (54 times)
Advocate
Son of Mary
Shepherd
Son of David
Others
Church Titles
Second person of the Trinity
Word of God
Jesus Christ
Sacred Heart
Pantocrator
Father of the Poor
King of
Kings
Eternal Wisdom
Lord of Lords
The Homeless Jesus
God the Son
Tortured Christ
Prince of Peace
Christ the King
God Incarnate
God from God
Light from LightSlide14
Jesus in the GospelsSlide15
The Historicity of the Record
The Jesus tradition of scriptures therefore, contains three major layers:
One of retention, recording at least the essential core of words and deeds, events and happenings, but little or no personal details;
One of development, applying such data to new situations, novel problems and unforeseen circumstances
One of creation, not only composing new sayings and stories, but above all creating larger complexes that changed their contents. (i.e. many gospels)
Jesus left behind him thinkers not memorisers, disciples, not reciters, people, not parrots. (Crossan)Slide16
Are we presented with a single portrait of Jesus, Christ in the Gospels?Slide17
Two Gospel (Theological)Portraits
The Synoptic GospelsBegin with John the Baptist or birth and childhood stories
Jesus is baptised by John Jesus speaks in parables and aphorismsJesus is a sage
Jesus is an exorcist God's imperial rule is the theme of Jesus' teaching Jesus has little to say about himself
Jesus espouses the causes of the poor and oppressedThe public ministry lasts one yearThe temple incident is lateJesus eats last supper with his disciples
The Gospel of John
Begins with creation; no birth or childhood storiesBaptism of Jesus presupposed but not mentionedJesus speaks in long, involved discourses
Jesus is a philosopher and mysticJesus performs no exorcismsJesus himself is the theme of his own teaching
Jesus reflects extensively on his own mission and person Jesus has little or nothing to say about the poor and oppressed
The public ministry lasts three years
The temple incident is early
Foot washing replaces last supper Slide18
What Do We Know about the Jesus of History ?Slide19
Post-Easter Jesus/Christ:
(30 CE-Present)Spiritual, non-material realityInfinite, eternal
DivineKing of Kings and Lord of LordsFigure of the present
Jesus ChristSecond person of the TrinityThe human face of God
The Pre- and Post-Easter Jesus
Pre-Easter Jesus: (4 BCE- 30 CE)
Corporeal human beingFinite and MortalHumanA pan-Mediterranean Jewish peasant
Figure of pastObservant, Monotheistic Jew
Galilean Jew of the First CenturySlide20
Jesus: A (jewish
) Man of HistorySlide21
Shema
Sh’ma Yis’ra’eil:Adonai eloheinu!
Adonai echad!Slide22
Out of a Context
Literary and historical studies Social history
Anthropology Study of political systems History of religions
Studies of honour and shame in societies Studies of peasant societies Studies of economic systems
Medical anthropology PsychologySlide23
What do we know of the Historical Jesus?
From attestations given in the gospels and other records, it is now believed he was born around 4-6 BCE: that is, when Herod was Governor of Judea.
He was born either in Bethlehem in Judea, or Bethlehem in Galilee; Nazareth in Galilee, or Qumran; or we don’t know.His parents were Miriam (Maryam)and Yosef – an artisan from Nazareth
He appeared to have four brothers and two sisters, as recorded in NT documents.Those brothers are called James, Joses, Simeon/Simon and Jude/Judas in New Testament texts. His sisters are possibly Miriam and Salome.Slide24
What do we know of the Historical Jesus?
He was a wandering preacher and healer in Judea and Galilee for between one and three years when he was about 30.He was involved with John the Baptist’s movement and practised John’s baptism of repentance before beginning his own movement of healing and inclusion.
He was crucified during the governorship of Pontius Pilate between 26-36 (33) CE.A movement grew up around him during and after his death.
This new movement, a part of Judaism, came to believe he had “risen from the dead”.Slide25
What Can We Teach about Jesus?What do all the stories, accounts and text Types about the Teaching and Actions of jesus Mean?Slide26
Some “Real” Reconstruction. We
Can
Teach that they Mean Jesus was a:
Jewish Mystic / Spirit Person
-
One of those figures in human history who had frequent and vivid experiences of the sacred. He heard God calling him in the words of the prophets. He prayed, meditated and knew the Scriptures
Jewish Healer
-
The historical evidence that Jesus performed paranormal healings is very strong; he must have been a remarkable healer- physical and mental; psychological and spiritual
Jewish Wisdom Teacher
-
He taught a subversive and alternative wisdom. He was a storyteller and used images and metaphors that people knew and understood and “got”.
Jewish Social Prophet
-
Jesus stands in the tradition of the great social prophets of ancient Israel who challenged social systems. Himself a social outcast, at the bottom of the social ladder, shared God’s preference for the anawim.
Jewish Movement Founder / Initiator
-
A movement came into existence around him which embodied his alternative wisdom. Slide27
Where to?….there is very little history in our sense and no biology in the four canonical gospels. Any search for an Historical Jesus based on the gospels I consider misplaced (although there would be an army of biblical writers opposed to me). The Christian religious discourse is a statement of faith making use of mythic (used in the anthropological sense) elements to portray a founding teaching.
Robert Crotty Emeritus Professor of Religion and Education, at the University of South Australia.Slide28
BibliographyNames of God:
https://astudyoftheoldtestament.wordpress.com/course/section-13/names-of-god-in-judaism/ Accessed 28/05/2015Spirit in the OT:http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/jub/JUBpizz.html
Accessed 28/05/2015Spirit in the New Testamenthttp://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01061998_p-08_en.html Accessed 01/06/2015Slide29