Colonial America 15871770 Texas 8 th grd US History TEKS 2 History The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras The student is expected to A identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America and ID: 541305
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Slide1
Founding the 13 Original Colonies
Colonial America: 1587-1770Slide2
Texas 8th
grd US History TEKS
(2) History. The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras. The student is expected to: (A) identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America; and (B) compare political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies. (3) History. The student understands the foundations of representative government in the United States. The student is expected to: (A) explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period; (B) analyze evaluate the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burgesses to the growth of representative government; and
(C) describe how religion and virtue contributed to the growth of representative government in the American colonies.
(23) Culture. The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The student is expected to:
(A) identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration; Slide3
Origins
For years Spain and England have been heading towards war.
Spain controls the seas with the most powerful navy in the world, the Spanish Armada.In 1588, King Philip of Spain wants a Catholic monarch in England, he plans to attack England with the mighty Spanish Armada.Shockingly, England wins the naval battle and Spain loses control of the seas. This opens the way England and other European countries to explore and settle in the New World.
Spain
Catholic
King Philip II
England
Protestant-Anglican
Queen Elizabeth I
vs
The three main reasons for European exploration of the New World: 1. GOD: to spread the Catholic/Christian faith to the new world 2. GOLD: to gain riches in gold, jewels, precious metals, and land 3. GLORY: for the nations, it was a competition to be the richest and most powerful, for the explorers, it was the quest for personal fame and wealth
. Slide4
Reflection Time
Turn to your shoulder partner and discuss one of the three main reasons that European countries explored the Americas OR
one difference between Spain and England.Be ready to share your knowledge!Slide5
England & the New World
In 1585 England tried their first settlement in North America when Sir Walter Raleigh sent 91 men, 17 women, & 9 children from England to Roanoke, North Carolina.
Their leader, John White, left them to return to England for supplies but had to remain there to fight the Spanish Armada. When he returned three years later, they had all disappeared. The only clue left was the word “Croatoan” carved on a gatepost. In 1607 , 22 years after Roanoke, the Virginia Company of London received a charter to look for gold in the New World.
144 people (mostly men) on three ships settled in Jamestown, Virginia. It was muddy and swampy and there were mosquitoes that spread diseases.
Virginia becomes the first of the English colonies.
The settlers spent all their time looking for gold & silver. Because of this, they did not farm or look for other sources of food, making them dependent on the local natives.
1607Slide6
VOCAB-BREAK!
Define the following words:
SettlementColonyCharterSlide7
1607
: Jamestown, Virginia
When John Smith arrived in Jamestown a few years later, only 38 of the original 144 settlers were still alive. Most had died of starvation and mosquito-borne diseasesThree things saved the Jamestown colony:John Smith: Enforced new rules in Jamestown (his own life
was saved by Pocahontas, daughter of the Chief of the Powhatan
tribe.)
2. Tobacco:
became the cash crop that made Jamestown prosper.
3.
Women: stabilized the men and made families possible.By 1619, Jamestown was a flourishing community and the settlers wanted more authority to make their own laws, that year they established the Virginia House of Burgesses. This was the first representative government in the colonies.Also in 1619, the very first African slaves arrived in Jamestown. Why do you suppose they were needed?Slide8
Reflection Time
3 minute activity.In your notebook, write down several challenges that you suppose the Jamestown settlers faced as they tried to survive and grow their settlement.
Compare and contrast your list with your neighbor’s list.Slide9
Freedom of Religion
Many English people disagreed with the Anglican Church. Why?
Puritans: Wanted to “purify” the Church of England.In 1620, Pilgrims (separatists), seeking religious freedom, leave for North America aboard their ship, the “Mayflower”, they mistakenly land in Plymouth Rock in modern-day Massachusetts.In order to survive in the new world, Pilgrim men wrote the “Mayflower Compact” aboard the ship, creating their own representative government
and
self-rule
.
Why are those important?Slide10
VOCAB-BREAK!
Define the following words:
SettlementColonyCharterRepresentative governmentSlide11
The New England Colonies:
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
In 1630 the Puritans settled in Massachusetts Bay.Throughout the 1630s, 15,000 Puritans migrated to the New World in the “Great Migration”. The colony of Massachusetts is started.Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts because he felt the Puritan leaders were too strict, he then founded Connecticut
. In 1639, they wrote the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
,
the first written constitution in the colonies.
Roger Williams leaves Massachusetts and starts
Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson , in trouble for challenging the rules, joins him.Following in Williams’s footsteps, John Wheelwright heads north and starts New Hampshire.Conflicts with Native Americans over land led to King Philip’s War. After the colonists won, it ended all Native American power in the entire New England region.
Roger Williams believed that people should not be persecuted for their beliefs. Rhode Island is the first colony that TRULY practiced freedom of religion. Slide12
The Middle Colonies:
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
The Dutch had already established New Amsterdam- a settlement for shipping & trade. The English wanted it and, after threatening the Dutch, took it without a single shot fired.The King of England, Charles II, gave it to his brother, the Duke of York, who renamed it New York. (Freedom of religion & a representative legislature.)York gave the southern part of New York to some friends. They established
New Jersey
. (Freedom of religion, trial by jury, representative assembly.)
William Penn founded
Pennsylvania
also for religious freedom. He was a Quaker and a pacifist (what’s that?). (Religious tolerance, equality for men and women, respect for Natives.)
Penn allowed Delaware to break away and become its own Quaker colony.
PennsylvaniaNew YorkSlide13
VOCAB-BREAK!
Define the following words:
SettlementColonyCharterRepresentative governmentPacifist
Legislature
Assembly
ToleranceSlide14
The Southern Colonies
: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
As tobacco plantations developed in the South, so did the need for labor. Indentured servants became common. What were they?We already know that Virginia (the very first English colony) was established in what year?Maryland ,
founded for religious reasons
,
was established by Lord Baltimore as a safe place for Catholics to settle in North America.
He gave large plantations to friends & family. This increased the need for enslaved Africans.
A serious border dispute developed between Pennsylvania and Maryland. It was settled with the creation of the Mason-Dixon line.Slide15
Conflict, the Carolinas, & Georgia
Nathaniel Bacon, a tobacco planter in Virginia, wants Native American land to plant more tobacco and needs government protection. He is refused and he and others attack Jamestown. “Bacon’s Rebellion” showed that English settlers would not be restricted to the East Coast, they were ready to move further inland.
The colony of Carolina splits into North and South Carolina.North Carolina: Poorer farmers from Virginia (tobacco)South Carolina
: Fertile land with good ports, many wealthy Anglicans. Needed more slaves for:
Rice
Indigo
Georgia
is founded by James
Ogelthorpe for two reasons: 1. a safe haven for debtors and 2. as a buffer to protect its wealthier colonies from Spanish Florida.Slide16
VOCAB-BREAK!
Define the following words:
SettlementColonyCharterRepresentative government
P
acifist
Legislature
Assembly
Tolerance
PlantationIndentured servantMercantilismSlide17
New France
The French founded Quebec (Canada) in 1608.
They were not interested in expanding settlements but instead they wanted to make money by fishing & trapping beavers for their fur.The French explored the Mississippi River down to New Orleans. They claimed the land between the Rockies and the Mississippi River for France. They called it Louisiana.The French had much better relations with Native Americans than the English because they didn’t push Natives off their land, respected their cultures, and learned their languages.Slide18
New Spain
Spain controlled Mexico, the Caribbean, Central & South America. They were determined to keep out other Europeans.
The Spanish established Santa Fe & San Antonio. Their goal was to protect the area between French territory & Mexico.Spaniards moved into California setting up missions. They converted many of the Native Americans to Christianity & forced them to work the land.European rivalries followed settlers into the Americas.