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The impact of screen time on development Barry H Schneider PhD Introducing myself Clinical psychologist since 1977 Professor of psychology since 1981 Specializes in childrens friendships social anxiety and ADHD ID: 555327

people internet face kids internet people kids face time friendships find social addiction research technology friends online harvard depression

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Slide1

Plugged in and tuned out:The impact of screen time on development

Barry H. Schneider, Ph.D.Slide2

Introducing myselfClinical psychologist since 1977

Professor of psychology since 1981Specializes in children’s friendships, social anxiety and ADHDHave done research on the effects of electronic communication on children’s relationships with other

Have lectured in 22 countries and conducted research in the U.S., Canada, Italy, France, Cuba, Costa Rica, Taiwan and Spain.Slide3

Overview of the eveningFilm clip of a poetic statement of the crisis

A somewhat broader introduction to current scientific thinking on the effects of the proliferation of access to the Web

Small-group evaluations of

some possible solutions

Concluding remarks

Your questionsSlide4

Some opening thoughts

"Technology is Destroying Human Interaction"Slide5

Understanding Internet Addiction

Dictionary definition of addiction: 1.

a

strong and harmful need to regularly have something (such as a drug) or do something (such as gamble)

2.

an

unusually great interest in something or a need to do or have

something (from Webster’s dictionary)

People can be addicted to things that have no redeeming value OR to good things that produce negative effects

when consumed in excess

MY POSITION: THE INTERNET IS LIKE FOOD

OR WINE: MAY BE WONDERFUL IN

MODERATION; ADDICTIVE WHEN CONSUMED EXCESSIVELY.Slide6

Showing my friends from Italy around the Harvard campus

I used:

1. Website of the Harvard museum to find out its hours

2

.

Mapquest

to find the best way from my bus stop to the Harvard museum

3. Google to find a route for a walking tour

4. Facebook while sitting on a bench as they chased a squirrel

4

. Email and text messaging when one of them got lost while taking photos of the squirrel

6

. The Harvard website to find information about the university

7. Yelp to find the best place to have supper8. Open Table to reserve a table9. Google Maps to find the restaurantWOULD I HAVE BEEN BETTER OFF SHUTTING MY SMARTPHONE?Slide7

When the internet first came out….

Newspaper headlines reported research indicating that Internet use was correlated with loneliness and depression. (Kraut and colleagues, 1998)

It was widely assumed that the Internet use caused the loneliness and depression.

Few

considered the possibility that it was the loneliness and depression that caused the Internet use ---- lonely, sad people rushed to get online.

As

time went on and Internet use became almost universal, this correlation was no longer

found.Slide8

Reduction hypothesis

Although it now seems unlikely that Internet use causes loneliness and depression, it remains possible that the Internet diminishes the quality of close relationshipsSherry

Turkle

, a Harvard scholar, maintains that the Internet is diminishing the intimacy of friendships. Her 2012 book is provocatively entitled

Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other.

Facebook

has the audacity to co-opt the term “

friend.”

True friendship cannot be that

superficial.

Electronic communication may also be making family life superficial if family members do not spend quality time together.Slide9

Could the Internet improve rather than harm friendships?

For certain children and adults, yes.Some people who are uncomfortable expressing feelings face to face prefer the relative anonymity of the InternetPeople who dislike their personal appearance may feel more comfortable with a medium in which personal appearance is less important

Some people feel that they have more control online over when they connect to others and whom they connect to.

Some people use the Internet to find people who are similar to themselves, especially if they are different in some important way from others in their immediate social worldsSlide10

What people may benefit?

Shy peoplePeople who have trouble expressing their opinions in a face-to-face conversationPeople with uncommon personal schedules (e.g., night owls) whose friends and associates may not be available when they are

People who have trouble finding support and companionship among people in their immediate environment

The best film on this subject is a Belgian film

Ben X

https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAiufwSyMPsSlide11

How do shy kids use the Net?

Schneider’s own research compares the way shy, anxious kids and outgoing, friendly, popular kids use the InternetThere is no difference in terms of the time spent on line

Shy kids use more of their on-line time in non-social uses of the Net. Some but not all of this time, especially video-games, is not spent doing what they need most to do – make contact with others

The most important difference was in their use of e-mail, .txt and chat. Many outgoing, friendly, popular kids refrained from using technology to badmouth others or express anger and

sadness. They used the technology to set

up face-to-face meeting times for this.

The shy kids expressed their feelings

using electronic media.Slide12

The rich-get-richer hypothesisProposed by Dutch psychology Patty

Vanderberg and her colleaguesStates that the Internet is basically used by people who are already good at making friends to make more friends and enhance friendships that they already haveSlide13

The compensation hypothesis…states that the Internet is mostly used by young people who have trouble relating to others face to faceSlide14

Which hypothesis is confirmed by research?In studies conducted with adolescents, there is more support for the rich-get-richer hypothesis

There is however, some support for the compensation hypothesisIMPORTANT : TIME SPENT

ONLINE MUST BE

DISTINGUISHED FROM

HOW

THE TIME IS

SPENT!!!!!!Slide15

VIDEO GAMES ARE ADDICTIVEMay help a bit with some visuospatial skills, I suppose

Probably increase aggressiveness, especially among kids who are already somewhat aggressiveFill up time without providing significant learning activities or interpersonal contentSlide16

SOCIAL MEDIACan be used properly or abused

As discussed earlier, can enhance relationshipsCyberbullying is proliferating, making it easier to spread rumors and exclude others from a social group than previously

In many cases,

the same kids

are both

cyberbullies

and face-to-face

bulliesSlide17

IS INTERNET ADDICTION REAL?

Definitely

There was considerable pressure to

include Internet Addiction in the new

list of mental-health disorders, which

was published in 2013

In the end, the only form of internet

addiction that was included is

internet gaming disorder

Some professionals have begun to treat Internet addiction

Some summer camps, retreat centers, offer “detox” programs

As with many other mental-health disorders, prevention is of primary importance, especially for children and adolescentsSlide18

HOW CAN PARENTS HELP?

At this point, we will break into small groups of 5 people. Each group will rate each of the solutions on the 6 solution cards on a scale of 1 (not useful or appropriate) to 10 (highly useful and appropriate).

Then, please spend a few minutes thinking of other solutions that you feel would help kids make appropriate use of the Internet without becoming addictive.Slide19

For further reading

All of these are available at amazon.com in print and Kindle

editions.

A practical guide for parents who want to help their

kids

use the Internet wisely – not a shocker trying to convince you to try to turn it off entirely:

A

Parent's Guide to Understanding Social Media: Helping Your Teenager

Navigate

Life Online

by Mark

Oestreicher

and Adam McLane,

2012Sherry Turkle’s well-known book on how the new technology may be removing intimacy from our close relationships: Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other

,

2011.

Some good ideas for parents who want to help their kids make and keep friendships and improve the quality of the

friendships:

The

Friendship Factor: Helping Our Children Navigate Their Social World-

- and Why

It

Matters for Their Success and Happiness

(Kindle Edition)

Kenneth

Rubin

and

Andrea Thompson,

2002A readable summary of the main ideas and research on children’s friendships and how to improve them. Includes a chapter on relating online. Childhood Friendships and Peer Relations: Friends and Enemies (International Texts

in

Developmental Psychology) 2nd Edition,

Barry H. Schneider, 2016Slide20

For further reading