2 Vocabulary 1 Intoxication The physical and mental changes produced by drinking alcohol 2 Alcohol Poisoning damage to physical health caused by drinking too much alcohol is a drug over dose and it can be fatal ID: 709507
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AlcoholSlide2
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Vocabulary
1.
Intoxication
– The physical and mental changes produced by drinking alcohol.
2.
Alcohol Poisoning
– damage to physical health caused by drinking too much alcohol (is a drug over dose, and it can be fatal)
3.
Hangover
– Headache, dizziness, stomach upset, nausea, and vomiting. Body’s water balance and causes the blood to become more acidic than it normally isSlide3
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Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in our society today.
Alcohol is the most frequently found drug in fatally injured drivers.
All states now enforce a minimum drinking age of 21.
The effects of alcohol vary from person to person. However, everyone who uses alcohol is affected by it to some degree.
Setting the stageSlide4
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Alcohol and your body
Types of Alcoholic Beverages
Fermented plants (grains like barley and wheat, and fruit)
Types of Alcohol: Beer, Whiskey, Vodka, Brandy, Liquors, and Gin
Other Alcohols: Ethanol, Wood Alcohol, or methanol created for other purposes.
NOTE: All of these can be deadlySlide5
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Alcohol is
depressant
, it slows body functioning down.
It is absorbed (not digested) directly and quickly into the bloodstream and flows quickly to the brain.
Alcohol
depresses the ways in which your Central Nervous System (CNS) controls your body. The
CNS
consists of the brain, and spinal cord which controls speech, thinking, memory, judgment, and learning. Also controls emotions, breathing, sense, and movement
Alcohol in your bodySlide6
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At lower levels, affects your mood – feel active and less shy (relaxed and friendly)
Pleasant feeling (why people drink)
So people drink more because they think it will make them feel better
Alcohol has the greatest effect on the parts of the brain that control
judgment
and
reasoning
—the two most critical mental skills needed by drivers. Physical abilities become impaired soon afterward.
Alcohol in your bodySlide7
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Alcohol in the Body
How does your body process alcohol?
Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream in the stomach and small intestine. Blood carries alcohol to every part of the body. Alcohol in the blood is carried to the liver, where most of the alcohol is converted to water and carbon dioxide and eliminated as waste.Slide8
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Judgment and reasoning
Euphoria
- a false feeling of well-being. People in this state of mind may take chances that they would not normally take.
CNS becomes more depressed, Sleep, Coma and even death.
Alcohol weakens a person’s
inhibitions
, the inner forces that hold back one’s impulsive behavior.Slide9
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Physical Abilities and Alcohol
Reaction
time slows as it takes the brain longer to process information.
Alcohol especially affects the
reflexes
and
reactions
of beginning drivers.
Vision
may become impaired.
Speech
may become slurred and less meaningful.
Death can occur if a large amount of alcohol is consumed over a short period of time.Slide10
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Immediate Effects
Blurred vision
Slurred speech
Impairs motor coordination
Increased heart beat
Lowers body temperature
Vomiting
Hangover
Alcohol poisoning (death)Slide11
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Alcohol in the Body
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)-
the amount of alcohol in the blood.
The level of intoxication is determined by the % of alcohol in the bloodstream.
What is the legal BAC limit in Minnesota?
Each drink adds about 0.02 – 0.03% to a person’s BAC
.Slide12
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Factors Affecting BAC
Amount of alcohol consumed.
Amount of time over which a given amount of alcohol is consumed.
Person’s body weight.
Alcohol is absorbed into the body very quickly but is very slow to leave. The type and amount of food in the stomach has very little effect on the absorption of alcohol.
The absorption rate is faster when alcohol is mixed with carbonated beverages.
Genetic Vulnerability
Tolerance levels (drinking history)
GenderSlide13
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Factors Affecting BAC
The body rids itself of alcohol at a rate of about ¾ of a standard drink an hour.
It takes the body about 1 ½ hours to rid itself of one drink. (3 drinks in an hour would take about 4 ½ hours to be oxidized)
Only
time
can reduce the body’s BAC and that person’s degree of impairment.Slide14
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Myths/Truths About Alcohol
I can sober up by drinking black coffee, taking a cold shower, or doing exercises.
One little drink won’t hurt me.
I will not be affected because I am only drinking beer.
I can drive better after a few drinks.
A young person cannot become a problem drinker.Slide15
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As intoxication increases, so do alcohol’s effects, and thinking clearly becomes impossible
As BAC rises, you become less likely to see risks or predict possible harmful consequences. Meaning you become less
alert
and less
aware
of what is going on around you.
Risk of drinking; Drinking leads to short-term illness, such as headaches and vomiting. Alcohol use also leads to more serious problems such as violence, motor vehicle accidents, and property damage
Immediate Effects of AlcoholSlide16
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Individual Reactions to Alcohol
Alcohol can change your mood quickly. These mood swings can play a major role in causing arguments, injuries, and violence
Have an agreement with parents that if you have been drinking and want a ride that you can call them without any questions asked at that time.
Refuse
to ride with drivers who have been drinking.
Work to keep others from driving when they have been drinking.
Appoint someone to be a designated driver.Slide17
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Vocabulary
Tolerance
is a condition in which a person needs more of a drug to feel the original effects of the drug. Tolerance may lead to alcohol abuse.
Alcohol Abuse
is the inability to drink in moderation or at appropriate time. Alcohol abuse happens whenever drinking interferes with your health or well being or keeps you from handling your responsibilities
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, a group of birth defects that affect an unborn baby that has been exposed to alcoholSlide18
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Long-Term effects of Alcohol
Cirrhosis
is a deadly disease that replaces healthy liver tissue with useless scar tissue
Liver
is the primary organ in the body that removes alcohol from the body, so it has the most contact with the damaging effects of alcohol
A young person’s brain is still developing, so alcohol may cause permanent brain damage. A young person may not have as much experience handling alcohol, and might abuse alcohol more than an adultSlide19
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Stages of CirrhosisSlide20
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Long Term Effects on the Body
Brain damage
Heart disease
Stomach ulcers
Liver disease “cirrhosis”
Osteoporosis
Muscle Weakness
Weight gainSlide21
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
A group of
birth
defects that affect an unborn baby that has been exposed to alcohol is
A mother who drinks during her pregnancy may harm the nervous system and organs of the developing fetus.
Mental Retardation
Organ abnormalities
Learning and behavioral problems
Any woman who is or thinks she may be pregnant should abstain from alcohol-there isno known safe level of alcohol during prgnancySlide22
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
A woman who drinks alcohol when she is pregnant may cause permanent damage to her developing baby. Babies born with FAS suffer from a group of birth defects that may include physical and mental problems.Slide23
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Making Responsible Decisions
1. Know when a decision is needed.
2. Consider the choices.
3. Consider the consequences and ask yourself these questions:
Is it legal?
Is it safe?
What would my parents and other family members think?
Does it show respect for myself and others?
4. Decide which choice is best.
5. Evaluate your decision to know if it was a responsible decision.Slide24
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Alcohol Driving and Injuries
Penalties for Conviction
May be one or more of the following:
Suspension or revocation of license
Payment of a fine
Serving a prison term
The most common penalty is the
suspension of the license for a period
of time.
The penalty is greater if someone is injured
or killed or if you are a repeat offender.Slide25
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Tests for Intoxication
Breath test is a widely used and simple analysis.
Intoxilyzer- machine to measure BAC.
Field Sobriety Testing- a series of on-the-spot, roadside tests that include a variety of coordination tests and eye checks. (i.e., horizontal-gaze nystagmus test that checks for the involuntary jerking of the eyes as a person gazes to the side; the divided-attention test that checks heel to toe walking and counting the number of steps at the same time.)Slide26
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Pressure
to drink & Deciding not to Drink
Teen may drink because they are curious about alcohol, they want to fit in, or they are influenced by advertisements
Advertisements show alcohol as being glamorous but do not give any of the facts about alcohols harmful effects on the body.
External pressure to drink also come from seeing people drinking in different places and situations such as at parties, sporting events, family gatherings, and restaurants.
When you’re around people who drinkSlide27
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Car accidents are the major cause of teenage deaths (ages 13-19) in the U.S.Slide28
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Four teenagers died in this
alcohol related accident.Slide29
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Alcohol: A Danger for Teens
Nearly 50% of all teen suicide victims drank alcohol at the time of their death.
Drinking alcohol is the leading factor in unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.
About 1/3 of crimes committed by youth are related to alcohol consumption.
Almost 1/3 of all traffic deaths involving people under 25 are related to alcohol.Slide30
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Please never get in a car when you or someone else has been drinking!
Talk to your parents.
In case this happens you know what to do.
Don’t be a statistic.Slide31
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Friends
Don’t Let
Friends
DrinkSlide32
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Alcoholism
Alcoholism
is a disease in which a person is physically and emotionally addicted to alcohol
Physical Dependence
is the body’s Chemical need for a drug
Psychological Dependence
is a person’s emotional or mental need for a drugSlide33
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Alcoholism
A physical and mental need for alcohol that turns into a progressive and chronic disease.Slide34
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Warning signs
Loss of interest in school, sports, or other activities
Uncharacteristic withdrawal from family, friends, or interests
Heightened secrecy about actions or possessions
Association with a new group of friends who drink
Smell of alcohol on breath or sudden, frequent use of breath mints
Association with older crowd
Association with known alcohol users
Getting upset easily and experiencing frequent changes in emotions.
Defiance towards parents and other adults
Skipped classes or days of school
Getting into trouble in school
Change in appearance or hygiene