PPT-Concept empiricism Michael Lacewing

enquiriesalevelphilosophycouk Concept empiricism The claim that all concepts are derived from experience Concept innatism some of our concepts are innate Tabula rasa Locke at birth or when consciousness begins the mind is a . James C. Blackmon. Classical Empiricism. Contents. The Spirit of Empiricism. Classical Empiricists. Key Concepts. Tabula. . Rasa. Ideas and Qualities. Primary and Secondary Qualities. Immaterialism and Idealism. Focus: To consider further criticisms of Concept Empiricism, alongside the criticism from Innatism. . Context…. So far this term:. Concept empiricism . – our minds are like a . tabula rasa . and all concepts and ideas are acquired through experience.. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing . Innate concepts. Some of our concepts are innate. ‘Innate’: some concepts are somehow part of the structure of the mind rather than being gained through experience.. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing . Out of doubt. The purpose of the . Meditations. is to find the truth. To do this, Descartes needs to solve his . sceptical. doubts. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Cognitivism. . and moral realism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Am I a brain in a vat?. Knowledge is not belief (even true belief). Are my reasons for my beliefs sufficient for knowledge?. Maybe all my experiences are fed to me by a supercomputer. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Hedonist act utilitarianism. Actions . are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Utilitarianism. A. ct . utilitarianism:. . an action is right if it . maximises. happiness, and wrong if it does not. . I. f . telling a lie creates more happiness than telling the truth (or keeping silent), then telling a lie is morally right. Argument. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. Anselm’s argument. God is a being ‘greater . than which cannot be conceived. ’. If you could think of something that is greater than God, surely this something would . enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Idealism. Idealism: everything that exists is a mind or dependent on a . mind. Berkeley: . to . be is to be perceived (or to perceive): . esse est percipi . enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. N. on. -. cognitivism and anti-realism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Non. -cognitivism: moral judgments. Do not aim to describe the world. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Is pleasure good?. Aristotle: . pleasure is good, and. . eudaimonia . involves pleasure. Obj. : . The temperate person avoids pleasure.. Not . true..