PPT-Utilitarianism Michael Lacewing

enquiriesalevelphilosophycouk c Michael Lacewing Hedonist act utilitarianism Actions are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else An act is right if it maximises what is good. Mill. Utilitarianism. The Utilitarian Theory of Value. : Something is intrinsically valuable . iff. it is pleasure and something is intrinsically . disavaluable. . iff. it is pain. . A Utilitarian Theory of Permission. consequentialism. Utilitarianism evaluate the morality of actions on basis of their probable outcomes or consequence. Four Theses of Utilitarianism. Consequentialism. :. The rightness of actions is determined solely by their consequences.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. Utilitarianism. Simple act utilitarianism: if telling a lie creates more happiness than telling the truth (or keeping silent), then telling a lie is morally right. Mill: wider consequences. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. A. ct . utilitarianism. Actions . are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good.. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Hedonist act utilitarianism. Actions are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good.. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Mill’s proof. Utilitarianism claims . that the only thing that is good, and so the only thing that our actions and lives should aim at, is happiness. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Omniscience. Omni-: ‘all’; . scient. : ‘knowing’. Is it possible to know . everything. ?. God is the most perfect . possible . being. So omniscience is ‘. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Hedonist act utilitarianism. Actions are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Stealing. Steal: . to take someone else’s property with no intention of returning it and without their permission (or without the legal right to do so. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Metaethics. What is morality, philosophical speaking?. Can ethical claims be objectively true or false?. Are moral properties part of reality?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Idealism. Idealism: everything that exists is a mind or dependent on a . mind. Berkeley: . to . be is to be perceived (or to perceive): . esse est percipi . enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Eudaimonia and morality. ‘What is the good for human beings?’ . What is it that we are aiming at?. What would provide a successful, fulfilling, good life?.