PPT-Rule utilitarianism Michael Lacewing

enquiriesalevelphilosophycouk Michael Lacewing A ct utilitarianism Actions are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else An act is right if it maximises what is good. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. Hedonist act utilitarianism. Act consequentialism: Actions are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it . Mill. Utilitarianism. The Utilitarian Theory of Value. : Something is intrinsically valuable . iff. it is pleasure and something is intrinsically . disavaluable. . iff. it is pain. . A Utilitarian Theory of Permission. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. Utilitarianism. Simple act utilitarianism: if telling a lie creates more happiness than telling the truth (or keeping silent), then telling a lie is morally right. Mill: wider consequences. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Mill’s proof. Utilitarianism claims . that the only thing that is good, and so the only thing that our actions and lives should aim at, is happiness. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Omniscience. Omni-: ‘all’; . scient. : ‘knowing’. Is it possible to know . everything. ?. God is the most perfect . possible . being. So omniscience is ‘. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Am I a brain in a vat?. Knowledge is not belief (even true belief). Are my reasons for my beliefs sufficient for knowledge?. Maybe all my experiences are fed to me by a supercomputer. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. God and time. God is self-. sufficient.. Therefore, God is dependent . on nothing else for . existence.. Therefore, nothing can end God’s existence.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Utilitarianism. A. ct . utilitarianism:. . an action is right if it . maximises. happiness, and wrong if it does not. . I. f . telling a lie creates more happiness than telling the truth (or keeping silent), then telling a lie is morally right. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Metaethics. What is morality, philosophical speaking?. Can ethical claims be objectively true or false?. Are moral properties part of reality?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Metaethics. What is morality, philosophical speaking?. Can ethical claims be objectively true or false?. Are moral properties part of reality?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. N. on. -. cognitivism and anti-realism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Non. -cognitivism: moral judgments. Do not aim to describe the world. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Simulated killing. The dramatisation, i.e. enactment, . of killing within a fictional context, e.g. in video games, films and . plays. Playing the killer. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Is pleasure good?. Aristotle: . pleasure is good, and. . eudaimonia . involves pleasure. Obj. : . The temperate person avoids pleasure.. Not . true.. What is the difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism? . Distinguishing between the two. Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism. 16 September 2020. How practical do you think it is to calculate each?.