Stephanie Seneff May 2 2015 Its difficult to get a man to understand something if his salary depends on his not understanding it Upton Sinclair A Frightening Trend K Weintraub ID: 337420
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Slide1
Is Glyphosate the Toxic Chemical that’s Making Us All Sick?
Stephanie Seneff May 2, 2015Slide2
“It's
difficult to get a man to understand something if his salary depends on his not understanding it." Upton
SinclairSlide3
A Frightening Trend*
*
K. Weintraub, Nature 479, Nov. 3 2011, 22-24.
?
?
12 years
Exponential Growth!Slide4
Percentage of children with Autism in the US
50%
2032Slide5
Percentage of children with Autism in the US
50%
2032
A linear extension of the trend line says that 1 in 2 children born in 2032 will end up on the autism spectrum.Slide6
Outline
Glyphosate’s Biological EffectsGlyphosate and Folic AcidGlyphosate, Oxalate and AnemiaGlyphosate and VaccinesSummarySlide7
Glyphosate’s Biological EffectsSlide8
Poison Spring
Author E.G.
Vallianatos
worked for the US EPA for 25 years.
Corruption and misuse of science and public trust has turned EPA into a "polluters'
prtection
agency."
Repeatedly endorsed deadly chemicals, often
against
the advice of their own scientists.
Botched field investigations.
Turned a blind eye to toxic disasters.Slide9
Adoption of “Roundup Ready” Crops
*
* N. Swanson et al., Journal of Organic Systems 20145;9(2): 6-37.
Soy
Corn
Cotton
Canola
Alfalfa
TobaccoSlide10
Is Glyphosate Toxic?
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in the pervasive herbicide, Roundup
Monsanto has argued that glyphosate is harmless to humans because our cells don’t have the shikimate pathway, which it inhibitsHowever, our gut bacteria DO have this pathway
We depend upon them to supply us with essential amino acids (among many other things)
Other ingredients in Roundup greatly increase glyphosate’s toxic effects
Insidious effects of glyphosate accumulate over time
Most studies are too short to detect damageSlide11
Main Toxic Effects of Glyphosate*
Kills beneficial gut bacteria and allows pathogens to overgrowInterferes with function of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes
Chelates important minerals (iron, cobalt, manganese, etc.)Interferes with synthesis of aromatic amino acids and methionineLeads to shortages in critical neurotransmittersDisrupts sulfate synthesis and sulfate transport
*
Samsel
and Seneff, Entropy
2013
,
15
, 1416-
1463Slide12
The Enhancing Effect of Adjuvants*
“Adjuvants
in pesticides are generally declared as inerts, and for this reason they are not tested in long-term regulatory experiments. It is thus very surprising that they amplify up to 1000 times the toxicity of their APs
[Active Principles] in
100% of the cases where they are indicated to be present by the
manufacturer.”
*
R.
Mesnage
et
al.BioMed
Research International 2014; Article ID:179691.Slide13
*
Plot provided by Nancy Swanson, with permission
Data sources: autism: US Department of Education; Glyphosate: US Department of Agriculture
R = 0.9972
Autism Prevalence: 6 year oldsSlide14
Some Biomarkers for Autism
Disrupted gut bacteria; inflammatory bowel
Low serum sulfateMethionine deficiency
Impaired methylation: MTHFR
Serotonin
and melatonin
deficiency
High serum oxalate
Essential iron deficiency
Mitochondrial disorderGlutamate toxicity in the brainSlide15
Some Biomarkers for Autism
Disrupted gut bacteria; inflammatory bowel
Low serum sulfateMethionine deficiency
Impaired methylation: MTHFR
Serotonin
and melatonin
deficiency
High serum oxalate
Essential iron deficiency
Mitochondrial disorderGlutamate toxicity in the brain
These can all be explained as potential effects of glyphosate on biological systemsSlide16
Paper on Glyphosate and Manganese
Published March 24, 2015 Slide17
Manganese Deficiency and Autism
*
Glyphosate chelates manganeseManganese deficiency leads to:Disrupted gut bacteria anxietyImpaired dopamine synthesis
thyroid disease
Glutamate and ammonium toxicity in the brain as well as glutamine deficiency
Mitochondrial damage
Impaired bone development and osteoporosis
Impaired development of
perineuronal
nets
Many of these pathologies are associated with autism
*A Samsel and S Seneff, Surg. Neurol. Int. 2015;6:45. Slide18
It’s not just deficiency!
Vagus
Nerve
Too
much manganese in the brain
stem
Too little manganese
in the
cortexSlide19
Balancing the Scales
Autism
Alzheimer’s
ADHD
Parkinson’s
iron
m
anganese
iron
m
anganese
Glyphosate
disrupts the body’s ability to distribute the minerals safely: Everybody walks a tight rope between deficiency and
toxicitySlide20
Glyphosate and Folic AcidSlide21
A Bit of History
The US first considered adding folic acid supplements to grains in 1996, and introduced the mandate in 1998
GMO “Roundup Ready” crops were just beginning to be introduced in 1996 and had obtained widespread adoption by 1998
Spina
bifida is a very rare genetic disorder that is linked to
folate
deficiencySlide22
Adoption of “Roundup Ready” Crops
*
* N. Swanson et al., Journal of Organic Systems 20145;9(2): 6-37.Slide23
Folic Acid and/or Iron Fortification!!*
*
B
Handforth
and S. Zimmerman,
Sight and Life
27 (1
); 70-75,
2013 Slide24
Folic Acid and/or Iron Fortification!!*
*
B
Handforth
and S. Zimmerman,
Sight and Life
27 (1
); 70-75,
2013
Europe has steadfastly refused to adopt
policy of folic acid supplementation!Slide25
Generating Methionine from Homocysteine
Methionine
Homocysteine
Requirements
:
Working MTHFR enzyme
Cobalamin
Zinc
Vitamin B6
Methyl
tetrahydro
folate
Folate trap: One or more of these requirements are missing; Methyl group stays stuck on folate (inactive)
There is a belief that elevated serum
homocysteine
is bad, but the
homocysteine
is desperately needed to produce sulfateSlide26
Nitrous Oxide Inhibits Methionine Synthesis
Methionine synthase is inhibited by nitrous oxideExcess serum ammonia is a source of nitrous oxide
Glyphosate likely induces ammonia synthesis by gut microbes (disrupts uptake of nitrogen into proteins)*
*
SO Duke et al., Plant
Physiol
1980; 65: 17-21.
Nitrogen
Ammonia
Protein
Nitrous Oxide
InhibitionSlide27
Homocysteine
Methionine at the Crossroads
Methionine
Methylation
Methylation
Methionine
Homocysteine
Too much
folate
drives methionine towards methylation and depletes
homocysteineSlide28
Transsulfuration Pathway*
*
Figure 1, DA
Geier
et al.,
Neurochem
Res (2009) 34:386–
393. Slide29
Transsulfuration Pathway*
*
Figure 1, DA
Geier
et al.,
Neurochem
Res (2009) 34:386–
393.
Three very important molecules!!!Slide30
What’s the difference between folic acid and
folate???
Folic acid is a synthetic molecule, and it’s stableFolate is typically methylated
Folic acid is missing four hydrogen ions –
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT!!!
Folic acid is
oxidized
, and
to convert it to
folate
is costly for the bodySlide31
A Problem with Folic Acid
Dihydrofolate
Dihydrobiopterin
T
etrahydrobiopterin
T
etrahydrofolate
HHHH
HH
HHHH
HH
+HH
-HH
Dihydrofolate
T
etrahydrobiopterin
REDUCED
OXIDIZED
BH4
Excess folic acid drives
biopterin
towards the
reduced form, which is not good! Slide32
A Problem with Folic Acid
Dihydrofolate
Dihydrobiopterin
T
etrahydrobiopterin
T
etrahydrofolate
HHHH
HH
HHHH
HH
+HH
-HH
Dihydrofolate
T
etrahydrobiopterin
REDUCED
OXIDIZED
BH4
Low BH4 in the cerebrospinal fluid is linked to autism
*
*
RE Frye et al.,
Neurotherapeutics
. 2010 July ; 7(3): 241–249. Slide33
“High folic acid consumption leads to pseudo-MTHFR deficiency, altered lipid metabolism
, and liver injury in mice”
*
Fed mice excessive amounts of folic acid
Reduced methylation capacity in liver
CYP7A1 level was dramatically reduced.
(
rate limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis)
Caused liver damage and fatty liver
disease
*
KE Christensen e tal., Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:646–58.Slide34
“Cerebral folate
deficiency with developmental delay, autism, and response to folinic acid”*
Fol
in
ic
acid is a form of TETRAHYDRO-
folate
*
P
Moretti
et al., Neurology
March 22, 2005 vol. 64 no. 6 1088-1090 Slide35
“Cerebral folate
deficiency with developmental delay, autism, and response to folinic acid”*
Fol
in
ic
acid is a form of TETRAHYDRO-
folate
*
P
Moretti
et al., Neurology
March 22, 2005 vol. 64 no. 6 1088-1090
Folate
receptor antibodies due to
excess folic acid in the blood???Slide36
Recapitulation
The timing of mandatory folic acid enrichment is uncanny: hide pending epidemic in spina bifida?Folic acid is synthetic, and it leads to excessive oxidation in the liver and/or depleted BH4
Glyphosate depletes methionineFolate drives methionine towards methylation rather than sulfation
This causes severe systemic sulfate deficiency
Folate
receptor antibodies in the brain may be an attempt to protect the brain from sulfate deficiencySlide37
Gly
phosate, Oxalate
and AnemiaSlide38
Autism Linked to Oxalate Crystals*
Crystals of oxalate form kidney stones and cause great discomfort
Study has shown at least 3-fold higher serum and urinary levels of oxalate in autistic kids**
*
William Shaw, The
Role of Oxalates in Autism and Chronic
Disorders WAPF, March 26, 2010
**
J
Konstantynowicz
et al., European Journal of
Paediatric Neurology 16(5), 2012, 485-491.Slide39
*
http://
www.greatplainslaboratory.com/home/span/oxalates.asp
“Oxalate crystals in the bone may crowd out the bone marrow cells, leading to
anemia
and immunosuppression”
*Slide40
Plot produced in collaboration with Dr. Nancy Swanson from US Government dataSlide41
*K
Froberg et al., Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(3):315-8.
“Cerebral edema, and perhaps injury to other organs, could result from oxalate crystal deposition in small blood vessels in the brain
and
other organs.”
*Slide42
Glyphosate Metabolism*
*
Figure 3 in L.
Polligioni
et al.,
FEBS Journal 278 (2011) 2753–
2766Slide43
Oxalate Metabolism*
*
http
://
www.greatplainslaboratory.com
/home/
eng
/
oxalates.aspSlide44
Monsanto Patents: 2002-2010:
Pesticide Compositions Containing Oxalic Acid
“[
origin: WO02069718A2]
Pesticidal
concentrate and spray compositions are described which exhibit
enhanced
efficacy …
More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of enhancing the herbicidal effectiveness of
glyphosate
concentrate and tank mix formulations containing one or more surfactants through the addition of oxalic acid.”Monsanto Technology, St. Louis, MOSlide45
Monsanto Patents: 2002-2010:
Pesticide Compositions Containing Oxalic Acid
“[
origin: WO02069718A2]
Pesticidal
concentrate and spray compositions are described which exhibit
enhanced
efficacy …
More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of enhancing the herbicidal effectiveness of
glyphosate
concentrate and tank mix formulations containing one or more surfactants through the addition of oxalic acid.”Monsanto Technology, St. Louis, MO
Oxalic acid and oxalate are essentially the same thing!Slide46
Oxalate Enhances Glyphosate’s Toxicity to Plants at Small Concentrations
*
*
Figure 1, Monsanto Patent #
US 7,771,736
B2, Aug. 10, 2010Slide47
Hypothesis
: flooding with oxalate prevents metabolism of glyoxylate to oxalate. Glyoxylate
is a very potent glycating agent, leading to widespread damage.This also inhibits glyphosate breakdown to glyoxylate
.Slide48
sec.gov
/
Archives
/
edgar
/data/1110783/000103570403000400/c77652exv99w2.htmSlide49
sec.gov
/
Archives
/
edgar
/data/1110783/000103570403000400/c77652exv99w2.htm
WEATHERMAX!!Slide50
“In 2004, this powerful new formulation was chosen by more western Canadian
growers than any other non-selective herbicide on the market. Grower satisfaction with the performance in the field has reached newheights - 99% of growers who used Roundup WeatherMAX were satisfied with their experience
.”
*
www.highbeam.com
/doc/1P2-13686824.
html
JANUARY
3, 2005
New Roundup
Transorb'R
' Herbicide Formulation to Hit Retail Shelves in Eastern Canada*Slide51
This Detoxification Scheme is Essential in Red Blood Cells
Depends on selenium
Inhibited by glyphosate
Depleted by glyphosate
Product of
shikimate
pathway
Induced by excess folic acidSlide52
This Detoxification Scheme is Essential in Red Blood Cells
Depends on selenium
Inhibited by glyphosate
Depleted by glyphosate
Product of
shikimate
pathway
G6PD Deficiency Leads to Hemolysis and AnemiaSlide53
Anemia leads to low oxygen which induces chronic low grade encephalopathy linked to autismSlide54Slide55
Oxalate, Iron and Autism
Agricultural workers exposed to glyphosate suffer from high rate of kidney failure due to tubular interstitial diseases*
Tubules depend on transferrin to supply ironOxalate interferes with transferrin iron delivery**Autistic children also have intractable iron deficiencyChild with defective gene for transferrin receptor had developmental delay and intractable seizures
***
*
C
Jayasumana
et al., Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014
**
AN Luck et al.,
Biochemistry. 2013 November 19; 52(46)***Stockler et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2014, 9:141.Slide56
Autistic Children are Sensitive to Iron Overload
*
*
A
Chauhan
et al.,
Life
Sciences 2004; 75:
2539–2549
Children with autism have low levels of transferrin, which protects from oxidative damage due to free iron in the cellsSlide57
Recapitulation
Oxalate is elevated in association with autismOxalate can cause crystals to form in tissues which is very damagingMonsanto has patents on oxalate as an additive to enhance toxicity to plants
Oxalate can work synergistically with glyphosate and folic acid to cause essential iron deficiencyAnemia can lead to low oxygen supply and encephalopathy (linked to autism)Slide58
Glyphosate
and
VaccinesSlide59
Case Study: Evidence that Glyphosate Penetrates the Brain Barrier*
58 year old woman ingested glyphosate (suicide attempt)
Glyphosate showed up in blood (1294 μg/mL) and cerebrospinal fluid (122 μg/mL)Associated with both disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and aseptic meningitis
*
C Sato et al.,
Clinical Toxicology (2011) 49, 118–
120Slide60
Glyphosate Suppresses Melatonin Synthesis!
Glyphosate interferes with
shikimate pathway in plants and microbes tryptophan depletion*Tryptophan is sole precursor to melatonin
Melatonin binds to
aluminum
, cadmium, copper,
iron and
lead,
reducing their toxicity
**Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the wake/sleep cycle
**
J. Limson et al. J. Pineal Res. 1998; 24:15–21.*N. de María et al., J
Agric Food Chem 2006, 54, 2621-2628.Slide61
How Glyphosate Depletes Serotonin and Melatonin
Tryptophan
Dietary Sources
Synthesis by Gut Microbes
Kynurenine
NAD+
Metabolized to ATP
(Liver)
TDOKynurenine (Macrophages)
IDO
Kynurenine
(Endothelial Wall)
I
DO
Serotonin melatonin (Brain)
Protein Synthesis
(Tissues
)
G
G
G
G
G
*
S.L. Connors et al., Plasma Serotonin in Autism. Pediatric Neurology 35(3), Sep 2006, 182-186.
Serotonin deficiency is linked to not only autism but also obesity, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and violent behavior
*Slide62
Sleep Disorder, Aluminum,
and the Pineal GlandSleep disorder is linked to many neurological diseases:
Autism, Alzheimer’s, ADHD, depression, schizophrenia, ALS, Parkinson’s disease, etc.Insomnia occurs much more frequently as an adverse reaction to vaccines containing aluminum than to those not containing aluminum (p
< 0.0025)
*
Insomnia also occurs much more frequently in ALL adverse reactions after the year 2000 compared to before 2000 (
p
< 0.009)
*
Pineal gland is heavily perfused and outside of the blood brain barrier
Susceptible to aluminum toxicity
*Seneff et al., Entropy 2012, 14, 2227-2253.Slide63
Insomnia is Strongly Correlated with Glyphosate Usage
Plot provided by Dr. Nancy Swanson; Data from CDC Hospital Discharge database
R = 0.98Slide64
Aluminum in the Pineal Gland*
*
S.B
. Lang et al./
Bioclectrochemistry
and Bioenergetics 41(1996)191—195 Slide65
Glyphosate and Aluminum: Partners in Crime
Glyphosate induces pathogens like C. difficile in gut, leading to
leaky gut syndromeC. diff produces p-cresol which promotes aluminum uptake by cells
p-Cresol is a known biomarker for autism
p-Cresol is an important factor in
kidney failure
which leads to aluminum retention in tissues
dementia
Glyphosate
cages
aluminum to promote entry
Glyphosate promotes calcium uptake by voltage-activated channelsAluminum gains entry as calcium mimeticSlide66
Autism, Glyphosate, Vaccine Reactions*
*
Collaboration with Dr. Nancy Swanson
Glyphosate application to corn and soy, US
# Adverse Reactions in VAERS
Children with Autism, US Slide67
Autism, Glyphosate, Vaccine Reactions*
*
Collaboration with Dr. Nancy Swanson
Glyphosate application to corn and soy, US
# Adverse Reactions in VAERS
Children with Autism, US
Is this steep rise linked to the
Introduction of
WeatherMax
?Slide68
Autism, Glyphosate, Vaccine Reactions*
*
Collaboration with Dr. Nancy Swanson
Glyphosate application to corn and soy, US
# Adverse Reactions in VAERS
Children with Autism, US
Glyphosate makes the aluminum (and mercury?) (and glutamate??) in vaccines much more toxic??Slide69
Glyphosate enhances aluminum toxicity
Glyphosate interferes with acetaminophen metabolismSlide70
Aluminum Glyphosate*
*
M.
Purgel
et al., Journal
of Inorganic Biochemistry 103 (2009) 1426–1438
Six different ways two glyphosate molecules can chelate aluminum
ALUMINA
aluminum
Aluminum citrate
**
**
P.
Sianina
et al., Clin.
Chem
. 32/3, 539-541, 1986.Slide71
MMR and Autism
Andrew Wakefield found a connection in 1998 in a now retracted publication*CDC claimed proof of no link in 2004 paper
**Whistleblower, Dr. William Thompson, has just come forward: Data supported significant increased risk for autism in black males with early vaccineDemand for birth certificate hid this finding
I believe it has to do with glutamate!
*
A Wakefield et al.
, The
Lancet
1998;
351
(9103): 637–41. (RETRACTED)**F DeStefano et al., Pediatrics 2004;113;259-266 .Slide72
Glutamine Synthesis Depends on Manganese!
glutamate
glutamine
Glutamine
synthetase
ammonium
water
Ammonium and glutamate toxicity in the brain
can arise because of insufficient manganese Slide73
“Alteration of Plasma Glutamate and Glutamine Levels in Children
with High-Functioning Autism”*
*
C.
Shimmura
et al.
PLoSone
October
2011 6(1):e25340Slide74
Symptoms of Adverse Reactions to MMR before and after 2002
*
*
Data analyzed from the VAERS databaseSlide75
Symptoms of Adverse Reactions to MMR before and after 2002
*
*
Data analyzed from the VAERS database
These are all characteristic symptoms of allergies to MSG
seizures
hives
swelling
swelling
Joint pain
Facial swelling
anaphylactic shock
s
hortness of breath
eczemaSlide76
Glutamate is an Additive in Vaccines!
Flu vaccines (FluMist
), MMR (measles, mumps and rubella), Rabies vaccine and Varicella vaccine (chicken pox) all contain glutamateAnecdotal evidence links these vaccines with autism
My own studies on VAERS revealed a correlation between autism and MMR
*
Glyphosate’s depletion of manganese prevents glutamate breakdown
*
S. Seneff et al., Entropy 2012, 14, 2227-2253.Slide77
Varivax
and Hepatitis A Vaccines: Linked to Autism
*
Contains Glutamate
Contains Aluminum
*
TA
Deisher
et al., Journal
of Public Health and Epidemiology 6(9), 271-284, 2014.Slide78
Recapitulation
Glyphosate’s inhibition of the shikimate pathway likely impairs melatonin synthesisLeads to sleep disorder, associated with many diseases
Pineal gland is highly susceptible to aluminumGlyphosate promotes aluminum entry past the gut and brain barriers and uptake by the cellsGlyphosate also promotes glutamate toxicity due to manganese deficiency, leading to acute reaction to glutamate in MMR vaccineSlide79
Summary
We face a looming crisis with the exponential rise in autism rates in the USThere is much evidence to support a link between glyphosate exposure and autismGlyphosate is synergistically toxic with excess folic acid supplements, with oxalate, and with aluminum and mercury in vaccines
Glyphosate is also likely linked to many other diseases on the rise, as evidenced by strong correlations in time trendsGlyphosate should be banned from the market