A Describe the ways government systems distribute power unitary confederation and federal Unitary Government System The central government holds almost all of the power Local governments statecounty systems sometimes have power but are still controlled by the central government ID: 592845
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SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.A. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
Unitary Government SystemThe central government holds almost all of the power.Local governments (state/county systems) sometimes have power, but are still controlled by the central government.Central government may change or abolish the way local governments operate.Some elect officials who may make and enforce laws with no regard to the lower levels of government.A good example would be a monarchy (area ruled by a king or emperor) ruler and advisors make most of the decisions.An example, Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, King and advisors make most of the decisions.
ONESlide2
Central Authority
Unitary
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional AuthoritySlide3
SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.A. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
Confederation Government SystemLocal governments hold all of the power however it depends on local governments for its existence.Central government has as much power as the local governments are willing to give.
MANYSlide4
Central
Authority
Confederation
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional AuthoritySlide5
SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.A. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
Federal Government SystemPower is shared among different levels of government.States have some powers the federal government does not have (collect property taxes and determine sales tax), federal also have some powers the state doesn’t (right to declare war and make treaties.
SHAREDSlide6
Federation / Federal
Ways Government Distributes PowerRegional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Regional AuthoritySlide7
Ways Government Distributes Power
UnitaryConfederation
Federal
All key powers are held by
the
central government
State/regional authorities hold most of the power
Strong central government
Weaker central governmentSlide8
SS7CG4 The student will and contrast various forms of government.B. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.
Autocratic Government Ruler has absolute power.Individuals do not have any rights to choose leaders or vote.One.Slide9
Oligarchic GovernmentMeans “government by the few”A political party or small group takes over a government and makes all of the major decisions.
Very similar to an autocratic government.Several.Slide10
Democratic GovernmentPeople play a much greater role in deciding who the rulers are and what decisions are made.
Decisions are usually made by majority votes but there are also laws in place to protect individual rights.Many.Slide11
How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
DemocracyOligarchic
Autocratic
Government Power
Citizen Participation
Government Power
General Citizens’ Participation
Government Power
Citizen Participation
Select Citizens’ Participation
High Participation
High Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
ONE
SEVERAL
MANYSlide12
There are two types of Democracies:Direct Democracy
People vote on all issues.Exists in small societies where citizens can regularly meet and discuss issues.An example is a Kibbutz in Israel.Representative or RepublicPeople vote on representatives and give them the power to vote on issues.Slide13
SS7CG4 The student will and contrast various forms of government.C. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.
Parliamentary Form of Democratic GovernmentPeople vote for those who represent the political party they feel best represents their views of how the government should operate.The legislature they elect (parliament) makes and enforces the laws for the country.The leader of parliament is called the prime minister or premier, recognized as head of government.Slide14
Presidential Form of Democratic GovernmentAlso called a congressional form of government.
President or chief executive is chosen separately from the legislature.Legislature makes and passes laws.The president enforces the laws.Slide15
DifferencePrime minister is a member of a parliament.President is in a separate branch of the government.Slide16
THE GOVERNMENT of ISRAELType of Government- Parliamentary Democracy
Three BranchesThe legislative branch is called the KnessetThe judicial branch is called the Supreme CourtThey also have an executive branchThey do not have a written constitution but are working on a draft.Citizens vote for political parties or groups rather than candidates. Slide17
Use the following information to complete the chartSlide18
Israel Executive Branch: The Roles of Prime Minister and President
There is not a separation of powers like we have in the US.The prime minister is the head of government- (also called the chief executive), and makes the important political decisions.The president is the head of state- a ceremonial leader or figure headThe president signs laws and appoint judges and people to other roles; however, it is considered an apolitical role, so he cannot “ intervene politically nor express personal views on issues that divide the public."
The legislature is called the Knesset (US: Congress:: Israel: Knesset)Citizens vote for the KnessetThe Knesset elects the president.
The Knesset also elects the prime minister and the president then ceremoniously agrees. This means the prime minister will be a member of the dominant (main) political party.Slide19
Israel
Voting Rights and Personal FreedomsEvery citizen over 18 has the right to vote.Entire country is a single electoral district.Every citizen has one vote. All votes carry equal weight.Voting by secret ballot.Human rights and liberties part of basic law of Israel.Israel ranks 50 out of 168 for freedom of the press by Reporters Without Borders.Amnesty International disapproves of Israel’s human rights records due to Arab-Israeli conflict.Slide20
The Government of IsraelCitizen Participation
DemocraticDistribution of PowerUnitarySlide21
THE GOVERNMENT of SAUDI ARABIASaudi Arabia has an Absolute Monarchy
The King holds executive and legislative power in Saudi Arabia so he is head of government and chief of state.The King currently makes decisions (autocracy) but the group of princes will select the next king after the current one dies (oligarchy).Slide22
Council of MinistersThe King is assisted by the Council of Ministers, similar to a cabinet.
The King can appoint and dismiss the members, and can overrule all of its decisions.Slide23
Legislative Branch: Consultative Council
This too is an advisory council appointed by the king.Set up similar to a legislature, but can not make final decisions on laws. Slide24
Saudi Arabia is Divided into 13 Provinces or Areas
The king appoints the governors of each province (prince, governor or emir).Each province has a council made up of members appointed by the king.Slide25
The ConstitutionThere is NO constitution
Instead the Quran is considered the constitution.Slide26
Judicial Branch: Supreme Council of Justice or Supreme Courts
Court rulings are interpreted by Sharia Law according to the Quran. Judges called Quadi make decisions based on the Islamic Laws.There are no juries.The king can overrule judgments.Slide27
Citizen Rights and Personal Freedoms
People must be Muslim to hold citizenship status in Saudi Arabia.Public practice of other religions other than Islam is prohibited. Have strict dietary laws, no pork, no alcoholWomen have little personal freedom, no driving on public roads, no voting, have to dress modestly.Limited freedom of the press.90% of the people are Sunni Muslim.Only males who are citizens over the age of 21 can vote in local electionsSlide28
The Government of Saudi ArabiaDistribution of PowerUnitary
Citizen ParticipationAutocraticStrict Sharia law – restricts individual freedomsMale citizens only can vote in local elections Slide29
THE GOVERNMENT of IRANSlide30
Iran Government StructureSlide31
Type of Government Theocratic Republic or Theocratic DemocracyPart of the government is a Theocracy because certain government positions are held by religious leaders
Part of the government is a democracy that votes for representatives (republic)Slide32
Three BranchesLegislative: Islamic Consultative Council or parliament
Judicial: Supreme Court or High Council of Judiciary or Sharia CourtsExecutiveAyatollah or Supreme Leader is chief of state- he holds ultimate political power.President is head of government and official chief of state.There are also three councils that advise the executive: the Assembly of Experts (religious conservatives who appoint the Ayatollah), Expediency Council, and Council of Guardians of the Constitution (appointed by the Ayatollah and determine whether proposed legislation is both constitutional and follows Islamic law)
YOU DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THESE THREE COUNCILSSlide33
Iran: Voting Rights and Personal Freedoms
Universal suffrage.Voting age: 16Voter turnout is high – Iranians value what little democratic power they have.Freedom House rates Iran freer than Saudi Arabia.Government demands compliance with Islamic law in personal and public life.Male-dominated society.Women are barred from significant economic and political roles.Religious minorities – including Sunnis – are granted little room for participation (ethnic minorities as well).Restrictions on freedom of expression.Abuse, torture and imprisonment without charge occur.Attacks on demonstrators occur regularly.Political groups opposed to the government are mostly repressed.Recognized religions include Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians, but their activities are strictly controlled.
Freedom of assembly is written into the constitution but is in fact limited.Slide34
Iranian Citizen ParticipationVERY UNCLEAR- many shades of gray! Should know how each term applies but will not be tested on this information.
Autocratic- Ayatollah makes all decisions- holds all political powerOligarchic- small group of religious officials choose AyatollahSome parts are democratic- there is some voting.Slide35
Distribution of Power in IranUnitary – all power is held by the central governmentSlide36
Type Of Government
Legislative (What do they do? What are they called?)
Makes Laws
Judicial (What do they do? What are they called?)
Interpret Laws
Executive (What
do they do? What are they called?)
LEADER of GOVERNMENT
Enforces Laws
Personal Freedoms (Who can vote? Can they choose their religion? Other rules?)
Who can participate? (Autocratic, Oligarchic, or Democratic)
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
How government distributes power? (Unitary, Confederation, or Federal)Israel
Iran
Saudi ArabiaSlide37
Type Of Government
Legislative (What do they do? What are they called?)Judicial (What do they do? What are they called?)Executive (What do they do? What are they called?)LEADER of GOVERNMENT
Personal Freedoms (Who can vote? Can they choose their religion? Other rules?)
Who can participate? (Autocratic, Oligarchic, or Democratic)
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
How government
distributes power? (Unitary, Confederation, or Federal)
United States
Presidential Democracy
Congress (House of Representatives and Senate)
Supreme CourtPresident (people vote for)
Many rights: freedom of religion, universal suffrageDemocraticFederal-central and regional authorities share power
IsraelParliamentary DemocracyKnesset (appoints president and prime minister)
Supreme CourtPrime Minister
Many rights: freedom of religion, universal suffrage
Democratic
Unitary-central government has all power
Iran
Theocratic Republic
Islamic Consultative Assembly
Supreme Court or High Council of Judiciary or
Sharia
Courts
Ayatollah or Supreme Leader
Universal suffrage;
little freedom of religion
Autocratic- due to Ayatollah all powerful
Oligarchic- some people can vote
Democratic-
they may see themselves as such as they vote on some things
Unitary-central government has all power
Saudi Arabia
Absolute Monarchy
Consultative Council
Supreme Council of Justice or
Sharia
Courts
King
Must practice Islam; only men can vote, little freedom of press
Autocratic
right now but oligarchic after King dies b/c the emirs (500 princes) will vote for the next King
Unitary-central government has all power