Bellringer 5 sentences http wwwghhsapushcommsburgess Christopher Columbus is often credited with discovering America although the land he discovered was already inhabited Imagine that you are either ID: 249825
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Slide1
08/26 Bellringer 5+ sentenceshttp://www.ghhsapush.com/ms-burgess
Christopher Columbus is often credited with “discovering” America, although the land he discovered was already inhabited. Imagine that you are either:
One of the men with Columbus and explain why he should get the credit for discovering a “New World”.
Or
One of the natives on the land and explain why he should not get the credit for discovering a “New World”. Slide2
Settlement of the “New World”
Pre-Columbian Societies
European Exploration
Spanish Empire
Dutch and French
S
ettlementSlide3
II. European Exploration A. Causes of European Exploration
Fall of Constantinople
New maritime technology
Imperial ambitions – formation of national states
Population growth in Europe
Religious reformationsSlide4
B. Portuguese explorers
Prince Henry the navigator dispatched the first expedition to map the African coast in 1422.
1446 reached Cape Verde, then the equator
1482 the Congo River
1488-Bartholomeu Diaz rounded the Cape of Good Hope at
Africa
’
s
southern tip.Slide5
C. Voyages of Columbus
Planned
to sail across the Atlantic to search for route to Indies (India, China, the East Indies, or Japan)
Spanish monarchs—Ferdinand and Isabella supported him
financially
August, 1492 – three ships set sail – October, 1492 they reach the Caribbean Islands
Columbus was convinced he was in Asia – made three more trips over the next few yearsSlide6
D. Treaty of TordesillasSpanish monarchs wanted to insure their legal claim—Portugal protested
Treaty
of
Tordesillas – 1494 – Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the world between themselves
west
of the line would be a Spanish sphere of exploration and settlement and east would be
Portugal’sSlide7
III. Spanish Empire
Motives
: ‘God, Gold, & Glory
’
Advantages: Superior
weaponry and horses helped Europeans defeat superior numbers of
IndiansSlide8
C. Spanish Colonial systemEncomienda System – favored officers became privileged landowners who controlled Indian villages or groups of
villages
Ecomenderos
(officers) were to protect and care for the villages and support missionary
priests
Indians were to provide
them with goods and
laborIndians began to die in large numbers due to European diseases1503 Spanish began African slave tradeSlide9
D. Castes and RaceRelationships between Europeans and Native Americans resulted in a mixed population: the mestizos Later, a mixed African and European population called
mulattos
developed
To keep legal order, the castas system delineated rights based on legal heritageSlide10
E. Spanish influence in North America1565 – Spain established St. Augustine – the first European town in the present day
US
Spain
established permanent settlements in what is now New Mexico, Texas, and
CaliforniaSlide11
F. Rebellion
Pope – Indian leader – organized
a rebellion that involved
~17,000 Indians
Burned churches and tortured
, mutilated, and executed priests, and destroyed all relics of
Christianity
Took 14 years and 4 military assaults for Spaniards to reestablish their control over New
MexicoSlide12
G. Cortes Defeats the AztecsIn 1519, Hernan Cortés was commissioned to expand Spanish control into MexicoHe traveled to present-day Mexico City – the capital of the AztecsThe Aztecs were welcoming at first but tried to force the Spanish out in 1520
By 1521, Cortes had taken the city and the Aztec empire by forceSlide13
Moctezuma and Cortezhttp://
www.ghhsapush.com/moctezuma-and-cortes.htmlSlide14
Who was Hernan Cortes?Who was Moctezuma?According to the text, what happened when Cortes met Moctezuma
in 1519?Slide15
At your tables, discuss and write an answer for the following questions:When gathering information, how do we know that a source is reliable?
What
issues do we want to consider when evaluating the reliability of a source?Slide16
Read Document A: Cortes’ AccountSlide17
Read Document ASOURCING: Who wrote the document?
When did he write it?
Is the writer a reliable source for the encounter?
Why or why not?
SUMMARIZING
: Write a 3-5 sentence summary of what this source claims to have happened when Cortes and
Moctezuma
meet.COMPARING and CORROBORATING: Discuss whether the document corroborates the textbook account.Slide18
Read Document B: The Florentine CodexSlide19
Read Document BSOURCING: Who wrote the document? When was this document written?
Is it reliable?
SUMMARIZING
: Write a 3-5 sentence summary of what this source claims to have happened when Cortes and
Moctezuma
meet.
COMPARING
and CORROBORATING: Discuss whether the document corroborates the textbook account.Slide20
Read Document C: Historian Matthew RestallSlide21
Read Document CSOURCING: Who wrote the document?
When was this document written?
Is it reliable?
SUMMARIZING
: Write a 3-5 sentence summary of what this source claims to have happened when Cortes and
Moctezuma
meet.
COMPARING and CORROBORATING:Describe how Document C compares to Documents A and B (similarities and differences).Why might Document C differ so much from Documents A and B?Slide22
Moctezuma and CortesWhat is one reason why you might believe that Moctezuma welcomed Cortes into the Aztec capital?
What
is one reason why you might NOT believe that
Moctezuma
welcomed Cortes?
How
confident are you about what really happened when Cortes met
Moctezuma?Slide23
IV. Dutch and French SettlementSpain was the only successful colonizer until after the defeat of the Spanish armada in 1588Slide24
A. Dutch SettlementPrimarily in Caribbean and Hudson River ValleyPlantation system (patroonship) similar to the Spanish Encomienda system
Eventually lost land to BritishSlide25
A. Dutch settlementDutch excluded anyone who wasn’t a member of the Dutch Reformed ChurchColonies were run by the Dutch Company, a stockholding company Slide26
B. French Settlement Mostly Canada and central USFocused on fur tradeFew towns
Better relations with Native Americans
French Jesuits focused on conversion to Christianity
Direct Royal Colonial Charter, so King had
controlSlide27
H-a-P-P AnalysisSlide28
H-A-P-PHistorical ContextWhat is happening specific to the document and within the larger historical context that could influence this document
Audience
Whom is the author addressing, and how will that impact what is being written?
Point of View
Who was the person, and what was their opinion?
Perspective
What is the purpose of creating this document?Slide29
Analysis of Bartolome de las Casas
Working with a partner, write a few sentences of analysis for each of
Historical Context
Audience
Point of View
Perspective
Please turn this in at the end of class