Abnormal Psychology and Treatment - PowerPoint Presentation

Abnormal Psychology and Treatment

Calendar for this Unit Art or Music, and Mental Illness—Sign up for your day—Week 1: Diagnose and Week 2: Treat Vocabulary—Chapter 16 Due Friday! Vocabulary—Chapter 17 Due Next Friday! Mental Illness and Treatment Role Play Groups of 3 (patient, therapist, narrator) 5 sources Have fun—props, puppets, drama, etc.

Q--What is normal?

Defining Abnormality 1/7 Americans and 1/10 Worldwide—Why? Is it an illness? Yes! Schizophrenia vs. Type 1 Diabetes DSM IV TR—Designed to diagnose—not treat! Abnormality Maladaptive Disturbing to othersAtypicalIrrational

Defining Abnormality Insanity is a legal term Causes of Abnormality—Mobile Survey/Notes Psychoanalytic Humanistic Behavioral Cognitive* SocioculturalBiomedicalEclectic*

Psychoanalytic Cause of mental illness--Internal, Unconscious Conflicts mostly stemming from childhood Freud, Horney, Erikson, Adler, and Jung

Humanistic Cause of mental illness--Failure to strive toward one’s potential— self actualization or being out of touch with one’s true feelings Maslow and Rogers

Behavioral Cause of mental illness—reinforcement history and the environment Skinner, Watson, and Bandura

Cognitive Cause of mental illness— irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or maladaptive ways of thinking

Sociocultural Cause of mental illness—Dysfunctional society ; not you but the society that you live in

Biomedical Cause of mental illness— organic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositionsPsychiatrists

Eclectic Clinical psychologists do not tend to subscribe to just one perspective, but instead utilize many and accept and use ideas from a number of perspective

Sybil—Scenes 1,2,3 What aspects of abnormality are displayed? What perspective of mental illness best explains Sybil’s problems?

Types of Disorders Intern Syndrome???? Anxiety Somatoform Dissociative Mood or Affective Schizophrenic Personality

Anxiety Disorders Simple or Specific Phobia Claustrophobia Arachnophobia Agoraphobia Social Phobia Famous People With Anxiety

Anxiety Disorders GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder Constant Low Level Anxiety http://www.webmd.com/video/generalized-anxiety-disorder Panic Disorder Acute / Instense Anxiety

ANXIETY DISORDERS http://www.webmd.com/video/teen-with-ocd OCD—Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Germs Medical Issues Symmetry Cleanliness Numbers And more! Look at Checkl ist! http://www.brainphysics.com/screener.php

ANXIETY DISORDERS PTSD— Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Caused by trauma from war, rape, accidents, etc. Symptoms— Flashbacks Nightmares Severe Anxiety Drug Abuse

Causes of Anxiety Psychoanalytic —unresolved, internal conflicts between ID, Ego, and Superego EX.—ID wishing to rid yourself of a bad parent and the Superego saying that it is wrong to have such a wish Behaviorists —anxiety is learned EX.--classical conditioning of phobias Cognitive—dysfunctional, irrational thinkingEX.—setting too high of standards for yourself

Sybil—Scenes 4,5,6 What examples of anxiety did you see? If you were going to diagnose Sybil with an anxiety disorder, what would it be? What is the most probable cause for Sybil’s anxiety?

Somatoform Disorders Psychological problem manifests in a physical way Somatization Hypochondriasis Conversion Psychophysical Munchausen Munchausen by Proxy

Causes of Somatoform Psychodynamic or psychoanalytic —unresolved conflicts that cannot be resolved Behaviorists —have been reinforced for being sick or for their behavior either through an actual reward or the removal of something unpleasant Cognitive —don’t know how to positively get attention

Dissociative Disorders—disruption in cognition Psychogenic Amnesia No organic or physical basis Selective, Localized, Generalized Fugue DID Dissociative Identity Disorder AKA—multiple personality disorder

Causes of Dissociative Disorders Psychoanalytic—extremely traumatic events have been repressed and the split consciousness results Behaviorists—patients find dissociating rewarding because they don’t have to think about the trauma. Amnesia is “easier” than dealing with it Very rare and many question legitimacy E. Loftus would question it—why?

Sybil—Scene 7, 10, 11 What signs of somatoform disorders did Sybil and/or her mom show of a somatoform disorder? What is the likely cause of the mother’s somatoform behavior? What signs does Sybil show of DID? What is the likely cause of the disorder?

Mood or Affective Disorders Major Depression—aka: Unipolar Depression DSM says you have to: depressed more than 2 weeks Absence of clear reason Loss of AppetiteFatigueChange in sleep Lack of interest Feelings of worthlessnes Seasonal Affective Disorder--SAD Bipolar Depression —aka: Manic-Depression Depressed episodes are similar to major depression Manic episodes High energy Heightened sense of confidence & power Anxious/Irritable Risky Behavior Don’t think about negative consequences

Causes of Mood Disorders Psychoanalysts –anger directed inward, loss during early stages, overly punitive superego Behaviorists —brings some amount of reinforcement such as attention or sympathy Aaron Beck (cognitive) caused by unreasonably negative ideas about themselves, world, and future— Cognitive Triad Cognitive psychologists would also look at attributions —pessimism, internal, external, global, specific

Causes of Mood Disorders Martin Seligman—Learned Helplessness Shocked Dogs Relate to humans?!? Unable to fix the situation, so they give up Biological— low levels of serotonin and or norepinephrine and unipolar More receptors for acetylcholine and bipolar Genetic Component—run in families

Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid Delusions of persecution Disorganized Clang association (+ symp .)Neologisms (+ symp.)Innappropriate Affect Flat Affect (neg. symp .) Catatonic (negative symp .) Waxy flexibility (neg. symp .) Undifferentiated Disorganized thinking Most severe mental illness Disorder characterized by: Disturbed thoughts, behaviors, movement Hallucinations Delusions—persecution and grandeur Disorganized thoughts and speech—word salad, clang associations

Schizophrenia Simulator http://www.janssen.com/mindstorm_video.html

Causes of Schizophrenia Genetic —if a close family member has schizophrenia, then you are more likely to suffer—5 th chromosome abnormality (bio) Twin Studies— Monozygotic vs. DizygoticDopamine Hypothesis—more dopamine (bio) Enlarged ventricles —takes away frontal lobe development in late teen years, early 20s (bio) Double Bind parent??? (cognitive, sociocultural ) Diathesis-Stress Model —environmental stressors activate genetic predispositions (bio/) Drug use (bio)

Sybil—Scenes 19,20, 21 What symptoms of depression does Sybil or one of her personalities display? What is the cause of her depression? What symptoms of schizophrenia does Hattie display? What do you think caused her schizophrenia?

Personality Disorders Personality Disorders are characterized by a maladaptive way in behaving that seems to be imbedded in the personality during development Histrionic Paranoid Dependent Anti-social Narcissistic—DSM? Compulsive Obsessive Passive-Aggressive Schizoid/Avoidant Borderline

Causes of Personality Disorders Psychoanalytic —unresolved conflict between the id and superego Behavioral —some maladaptive aspect of the personality has been reinforced Sociocultural —dysfunctional society has caused personality flaws Cognitive—maladaptive thinking cause personality flawHumanistic—personality flaw developed by conflict between ideal self and real self

Other Mental Illnesses in the DSM-IV-TR Paraphillias —sexual disorders Pedophillia , zoophillia , fetish, voyeur, masochist, sadist Anorexia-Nervosa and Bulemia Loss of 15% of body mass, fear of food, distorted body image Substance Use Disorder— Substance dependence—addiction ADHD??? Overdiagnosed Autism Less social and emotional contact, language delayed, and don’t seek parent assistance

Sybil—Scenes 26, 27, 28 Does Sybil suffer from any personality disorders? If so, why do you think she developed it? Does her dad seem to suffer from a personality disorder? If so, why do you think it developed?

Caution!!!!!!!! Is it a good idea to label people as depressed or as a hypochondriac? Is there really a benefit to giving a person a label? Rosenhan —Who’s Crazy Here Anyway? Discuss with a neighbor what Rosenhan concluded and what info we can take from his study!Clinical Psychologists more likely to label—Counseling Psychologists not so much!

History of Treatment Trephining Enlightenment—Dorothea Dix Deinstitutionalization Preventative Efforts Primary—reduce socieatal problemsSecondary—work with at risk personsTertiary—keep mental illness from getting worse

Treatment Options Finish Sybil—29, 31 What type of therapy do you think Dr. Wilbur uses with Sybil? Do you think it was ethical/appropriate for Dr. Wilbur to get so close to Sybil? Psychoanalytic Humanistic Behavioral Cognitive* Sociocultural Biomedical Eclectic*

Patient: Charlie Sheen Diagnosis:______________ Treatment Proposal:_____________________ http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/charlie-sheen-not-bipolar-bi-winning-13017875

Patient: Lindsay Lohan Diagnosis: ___________________ Treatment Proposal:____________________ http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/lindsay-lohan-speaks-out-13026910

Patient: Marshall Bruce Mathers III aka Eminem, Slim Shady Diagnosis:____________ Treatment Proposal:____________

Psychoanalytic Must bring repressed memories and conflict with id/superego to the surface so ego and conscious can deal with it. If you do the work, you won’t have symptom substitution Hypnosis Free Association Role play! Dream Analysis Manifest vs. Latent Resistance Transference Countertransference Dr. Wilbur—Example Psychodynamic--Insight

Humanistic Must help CLIENT remove roadblocks to self actualization and resolve incongruence between real self and ideal self in a non-directive wayNeed for unconditional positive regard Carl Rogers—I’m OK, You’re OK Active Listening Role Play! Free Will vs. Determinism Client Centered or Person Centered Therapy Modeling Congruence

Other Types of Humanist Therapies Existential Therapy Life is worthwhile Has purpose Don’t Worry, Be Happy! Gestalt Therapy Much more directive Empty Chair TechniqueWHOLE selves Integrate self into one Who would be in your empty chair and what would you say to them?

Behavioral Must counter condition the patient in a more adaptive way Mary Cover Jones—Counter Conditioning Joseph Wolpe —Systematic DesentizationRelaxation Flooding In vivo vs. Convert Extinguishing Fear Aversive Conditioning Token Economy Biofeedback

Anxiety Hierarchy—Systematic Desensitization in vivo vs. covert desensitization Least Anxiety Provoking Most Anxiety Provoking

Cognitive Must fix maladaptive thinking in a directive way Fix unhealthy attributional styles and replace it with more effective attributionsAaron Beck—Cognitive Therapy—Cognitive Triad Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CBT Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy or RBET Albert Ellis Role Play with someone in class to get rid of an irrational belief they have!

Sociocultural Most help patient by fixing his/her environment— ie —family, friends, workplace, etc. YOU don’t exist in a vacuum Family Therapy Couples Counseling Group TherapyAA/NASelf Help Groups

Biological or Somatic Therapies Treating mental illness from a biological approach like you would any illness Psychiatrists Family MDs Other MDs NOT typically Psychologists Medicine Psychosurgery Lesioning vs. Lobotomy Diet/Exercise ECT/Shock Therapy

Psychopharmacology or Chemotherapy Anti Depressants—increase serotonin activity Tricyclics MAOIs SSRIs Prozac Anti Anxiety BarbituratesMiltown Benzodiazapines Valium and Xanax Mood Stabilizers— Lithium—Heavy Metal Treat Bipolar Anti Psychotics--Schizophrenia Thorazine Haldol Side Effects: Tardive Dyskenia

A Beautiful Mind Insulin Shock Therapy Scene—Scene 15

Eclectic Using a variety of approaches to help your patient/client What combo would you prefer to use? Write here!

Types of Therapists Psychiatrists—MD Only therapist type that can prescribe medicine Favor biomedical and not as well trained in psychotherapy Psychoanalysts Freudian Methods Clinical Psychologists PhDs--DiagnoseCounseling Psychologists Masters in Family Therapy--JEFF Deal with less serious issues

How Effective is Therapy??? Very Effective Not Very Effective Outdated studies indicate that 66% of people get better with therapy or without therapy! However, new research indicates that even if people who get better are not seeking formal counseling, they are seeking therapy in less formal ways!

Schizophrenia FRQ—Stand Up Review! Often misunderstood, schizophrenia is a psychological disorder affecting one percent of the population. In treating the disorder, psychologists work to identify its nature and origins. Identitify two characteristics used to diagnose schizophrenia Discuss a research finding that supports a genetic basis for schizophrenia What is the dopamine hypothesis regarding the origins of schizophrenia? Describe how medications used to treat schizophrenia affect the actions of neurotransmitters at the synapse. Identify a risk inherent in the treatment of schizophrenia. People often times confuse schizophrenia with DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder). Identify two characteristics that differeniate DID from Schizophrenia.