Explain the chemical composition of acids and bases and explain the change of pH in neutralization reactions D12 I can differentiate between acids and bases Learning Target When dissolved in water they ionize form ions ID: 711637
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Slide1
Chapter 9Section 1
Acids, Bases and pHSlide2
Explain the chemical composition of acids and bases, and explain the change of pH in neutralization reactions.
D12Slide3
I can differentiate between acids and bases.
Learning TargetSlide4
When dissolved in water, they ionize (form ions)Form H
+
(Hydrogen) ions, which attach to water molecules to form hydronium ions, H
3
O
+
Properties:Taste sourBlue litmus paper turns redConduct electric currentCorrosive
AcidsSlide5
Strong and Weak AcidsSlide6
Complete ionization in waterHigh concentration of hydronium ions in the liquid
Strong acid
Conducts electricity
Strong electrolyte
HNO
3
+ H2O H3O+ + NO3
-
Strong Acids
Chemical Equation
Reactants
ProductsSlide7
Weak acidsLow concentration of hydronium ions in the liquid
Do not conduct electricity well
Weak electrolyte
Double headed arrow
CH
3
COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COO
-
Weak AcidsSlide8
CorrosiveCan damage living tissuesVapors can be harmful to eyes, mouth and lungs
Wear safety goggles, gloves, lab apron
Acid SafetySlide9
When dissolved in water form OH- (hydroxide ions)Properties
Tastes bitter
Solution feels slippery
Turn red litmus paper blue
Like acids, bases can also damage the skin
BasesSlide10
Strong and Weak BasesSlide11
When bases dissolve in water, they ionize. NaOH
Na
+
+ OH
-
Not all bases contain OH
- Some will react with water to form hydroxide ion NH3 + H2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
BasesSlide12
High concentration of OH- in the solution
Ba
(OH)
2
Ba
2+ + 2OH-Complete ionization in waterGood conductor of electricityStrong electrolyteStrong BasesSlide13
Low concentration of OH- in solution
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH4+ + OH- Do not ionize completelyNot a good conductor of electricityWeak electrolyte
Weak BasesSlide14
Bases are corrosive and can damage living tissueWear safety goggles, gloves and a lab apron!!
Base SafetySlide15
What ions do acids produce?What ions do bases produce?What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
What is the difference between a strong base and a weak base?
Why should we observe lab safety rules when working with acids and bases?
Learning Target Checkpoint
How do you differentiate between acids and bases?
Let’s ReviewSlide16
I can explain pH.
Learning TargetSlide17
You can determine if a substance is an acid or a base by using an indicator.An indicator
is a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base.
Indicators measure the level of hydronium ions. The level determines if a substance is acidic or basic.
Detecting Acids and BasesSlide18
Cabbage juice can be used as an indicatorLitmus paper is a common indicatorAcids turn blue litmus paper red
Bases turn red litmus paper blue
Only indicates if a substance is an acid or a base
To determine strength or weakness, pH values are used
Indicators
catalog.flatworldknowledge.com
profmarsolais.comSlide19
A measure of the concentration of H3O+
ions in solution
Acidity or basicity of a solution can be critical
Enzymes in your body will not function properly if your blood is too basic or acidic
Fish cannot survive in waters that are too acidic or basic
pH
hapnotes.wikidot.com
ck12.orgSlide20Slide21
pH
Small differences in pH mean large differences in acidity
Example:
pH of coke = 3
pH of coffee = 5
Coke is 10
2 , or 100, times more acidic than coffee.ch302.cm.utexas.eduSlide22
gizmodo.comSlide23
Let’s Review
Lemon juice has a pH of 2.2. Is it an acid or a base?Slide24
Detergents such as Tide have a pH of about 10. Is Tide an acid or a base?Slide25
Seawater has a pH of 8.2. Is seawater an acid or a base?Slide26
The inside of your mouth has a pH of 7. Is it an acid or a base?Slide27
409 cleaner contains ammonia that has a pH of 12. What will 409 do to red litmus paper?Slide28
A soft drink has a pH of 3.2. What will it do to a piece of red litmus paper?Slide29
You can find pH from the concentration of a strong acid.pH is the negative power of 10 that is used to describe the concentration of H3O
+
ions.
The concentration of H
3
O
+ in pure water is 1 x 10-7.The pH of pure water = 7Determining pHSlide30
The concentration of H3O
+
ions in a solution of a strong acid is the same as the concentration of the acid.
Determine the pH of a
0.0001 M (Molar)
solution of the strong acid
HCl.concentration of H3O+ ions = concentration of HClconcentration of H3O
+
ions =
0.0001 M = 1 x 10
-4
M
pH = -(-4) = 4Determining pHSlide31
What is pH?How do you determine the pH of a substance?
Learning Target Checkpoint