Civil Engineering and Architecture - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Civil Engineering and Architecture

Instructor: Sarah OosterhuisWest Ada School District, Meridian, ID

Architectural Styles

Student Slide

Art

Deco Arts

and

Crafts Bungalow

Cape Cod Contemporary

Counter Culture CubicSlide2

Art DecoSlide3

Art Deco

Style

Represented scientific progress, and the consequent rise of commerce, technology, and speed.

It is founded on mathematical geometric

Most building are big and tall to represent strength and stability.

From

1925 to 1940.Average skyscraper has 18 floors.

Empire State Building

World Trade CenterSlide4

Art Deco

Elements & FeaturesFlat RoofsSmooth Walls

The walls of art deco homes are often made of smooth stucco and have rounded corners.

Bold Exterior decorations

Buildings in the style were often decorated with zigzags, swans, lilies and sunrise motifs.

Experimentation with interior materials.Art Deco designers used “new” materials such as glass block, neon, chrome, mirrors and opaque glass panels.Slide5

Where Did It All Start?

Chrysler Building Art Deco was first seen in the 20th century, around 1925-1940. We got the style from the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs

Industriels et Modernes

,

held

in Paris.Slide6

What Makes it Special?

Empire State BuildingThere was no set number of stories for the Art Deco style of buildings. People could build them as high as they wanted to, and they did, this was the style for the newly rising skyscrapers being built.Art Deco structures were usually made of stucco, concrete, smooth-faced stone, and Terracotta. Steel and aluminum were often used along with glass blocks and decorative opaque plate glass Slide7

What makes it unique?

Art deco architecture features a sleek, linear appearance with stylized and often geometric ornamentation.Examples include the Chrysler Building, the Empire State Building, and the Bullocks Willshire Building.Most types of structures that took advantage of this style were commericial, and you can find many examples in Florida, Washington D.C, and New York CitySlide8

Chrysler Building

Bullocks

Willshire

Building

Empire State BuildingSlide9

contemporarySlide10

Era/Stories

Era: current (present day)Stories: generally 2 Slide11

Materials

Natural materials: cedar, stoneIndustrial Materials: steel, concrete Slide12

Features

Very personalized, but generally classified by:Large windowsUnique formsOpen floor plansEmphasis on comfortSlide13

Location

Places such as:CaliforniaNew YorkWashington D.C.(Generally big, modern cities) Slide14

Style of Present Day (1950-Present)

Contemporary homes typically include an irregular or unusually shaped frame, an open floor plan, oversized windows, and the use of "green" and repurposed components (wood mixed with masonry). Such homes also often have an organic design, fitting into the surrounding space and meeting an immediate need in the area. Typically includes 2-3 stories.Slide15

Style

Line – Mixture of vertical/horizontal Form – Distinct 3D LookRhythm – Sometimes Grated RhythmBalance – Informal: Equal in weightProportion – Everything is very evenUnity – PerfectionColor – White/ PeacefulSpace – Very FreeSlide16
Slide17

Arts and craftsSlide18

Early 19th-century British and American movement to revive

handicraftsSlide19

Arts and crafts key elements

Built of natural materials. Craftsman homes are typically built of real wood, stone and brick.Built-in furniture and light fixtures. Built-ins were the hallmark feature of the Arts and Crafts era. Built-in cabinets allowed the furnishings to be part of the architecture, ensuring design unity and economic use of space. Even the light fixtures are often part of the design.Fireplace. A fireplace was the symbol of family in the Arts and Crafts movement, so most homes feature a dominant fireplace in the living room and a large exterior chimney.Porches. Most homes in the Craftsman style have porches with thick square or round columns and stone porch supports.Low-pitched roofs. The homes typically have a low roof with wide eaves and triangular brackets.Exposed beams. The beams on the porch and inside the house are often exposed.Open floor plan. The Arts and Crafts Movement rejected the small, boxy rooms like those in Victorian houses.Slide20

Arts and crafts examplesSlide21

bungalowSlide22

Bungalow style

Often used to describe any small house built from 1900 to aboutBungalow style has its roots in native architectural style of Bengal, India. During the late 19th century and the waning days of the British Empire, English officers had small houses built in the "Bangla" style.Slide23

Bungalow Characteristics

Usually 1 – 1 1/2 storiesLow-pitched roof, often with broad eavesEntry typically opens directly into living roomOften has a large front porch that creates an outdoor roomEasy access to outdoor spaces like verandas, porches, and patiosOpen floor plan maximized for efficiency and flow from room to room with minimal space wasted on hallwaysOften small with reliance on built-ins for organizationSiding varies. Stucco is the siding of choice for many California-style Craftsman bungalows. Western-style are typically more rustic with shingle or lapped siding, and Chicago-style bungalows are frequently brick.Slide24

Cape codSlide25

Cape Cod Architectural Style

originated in New England in the 17th centuryLow, broad frame buildingGenerally 1.5 storySteep, pitched roof with end gablesLarge central chimney Very little ornamentationSlide26

Counter cultureSlide27

Time Period/Purpose

20th Century (1960-70s) Hippie movementStructures built to become one with nature.“Destroy Box-reality”Slide28

Buildings/Materials

Geodesic domesCould have solar panelsVernacular BuildingTypically wood, glass, dirtCurved lines, represents natureMatch color of nature1-2 storiesResidential Slide29

Counter culture designs gained popularity in the 1960’s and 1970’s with the hippie movement

Most popular in the SouthwestMainly one floorMaterials:GlassWoodSteelThe domes are made of glass or wood panels with steel frames. This allows for minimal use of materials for the most efficiency.Counter Culture ArchitectureSlide30

Lines - Curved

Colors - VeryShape - They are literally all dome shapedSpace - Open and uncluttered spaceTexture - Depends on the chosen materialValue - VariesBalance - RadialRhythm - Regular RhythmUnityyyyyyyyyyyDesign Elements/PrinciplesSlide31

Characteristic of a Counter Culture

Geodesic domes provide huge, open spaces while providing structural integrity with minimal materialsMany of them incorporate solar panels for maximum energy efficiency

treehugger.com

inhabitat.com

domehome.com

Most of these utilize large windows for natural light and energy efficiencySlide32

Due to recent global issues with global warming, need for new forms of energy, etc. These types of domed houses are coming back due to their high efficiency in both space and energy.

RevivalSlide33

CubicSlide34

Cubic style

1995 to current dayUsually Two Stories First location was in Helmond Netherlandshttp://dullneon.com/randomnotes/2011/10/kubuswoningen.htmlSlide35

Materials

Glass Steel WoodVery unique http://siongchin.com/blog/?p=772Slide36

Features

GeometricModern Clean Horizontal lines Calm peace and relaxationhttp://fancycribs.com/22025-house-on-24th-street-by-steven-kent-architect.htmlSlide37

Developed by

Early 20th CenturyResidential and Commercial Structures2 or More StoriesMaterials usedGlassStealWoodConcreteLocated inFranceGermanyNetherlandsJapan

U.S.

Distinctive Features

Cube Design

Flat RoofsBig WindowsCubic Style ArchitectureSlide38

Purpose

Create Large Simple StructuresSite LocationDepends on Type of Cubic StructureUse of linesHorizontal/Vertical LinesFormCubism/Based on SquaresColorNeutralTextureSmoothBalanceAsymmetrical Proportion

Asymmetrical/Symmetrical

Unity

Similar Characteristics

Cubic Style Architecture