Economic urban areas are market centres for the buying and selling of Goods and Services Administrative urban areas are the places from which the surrounding area is governed eg Carrickmacross ID: 638059
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Slide1
Urbanisation
The Growth of Towns and CitiesSlide2
Economic – urban areas are market centres for the buying and selling of Goods and Services
Administrative – urban areas are the places from which the surrounding area is governed e.g.
Carrickmacross Town CouncilSocial Activities – Cinemas, pubs, theatres, sportsgrounds etc.
Activities in towns and citiesSlide3
The Development of DublinSlide4
Founded around
980 AD
by Viking TradersOriginally a small settlement around a dark pool – Dubh Linn – where Temple Bar is nowVery few traces exist today as buildings were made of wood
Dublin’s HistorySlide5
1169 – arrival of Anglo Normans. Built stone buildings such as Dublin Castle, Christchurch and St. Patrick’s Cathedral
Started period of English control of Ireland
Dublin’s HistorySlide6
Dublin’s History
1500 to 1800 – English control grew, Trinity College and much of
Georgian (redbrick) city builtSlide7
1800 to 1900 – After losing its Parliament, Dublin declined in importance. Slums called
tenements
grew. Development of Canals and Railways connected Dublin to the rest of Ireland
Dublin’s HistorySlide8
Dublin’s History
Rapid development after independence – development of roads and railways increased ease of transport, high birth rates and inward migration increased populationSlide9Slide10
The
Central Business District
– banks, department stores and shopping is found here. Very few people live in the CBD. Land here is expensive – buildings are tall to maximise land useFunctional Zones in CitiesSlide11
Outlying shopping areas – to discourage unnecessary travel and traffic congestion some shopping areas have developed outside the CBD
Functional Zones in CitiesSlide12
Factories are located in
Industrial Estates
at the edge of urban areas. There are several reasons for this:Land is cheaper on the outskirtsAccess and transport is easier outside townsThere are less complaints from residents as factories are kept away from houses
Workers are available in nearby residential areas
Often near ports or airports
Functional Zones in CitiesSlide13
Residential Areas –
Most people today live in housing estates which are quieter and safer than the CBD or industrial zones. Types of housing can vary a great deal here.
Also Called suburbs (Sub-Urban)Functional Zones in CitiesSlide14
Open Space –
Urban areas require open public spaces where people can relax and play in safety.
Functional Zones in CitiesSlide15Slide16Slide17
Paris – a world citySlide18
Paris CBDSlide19
Residential areas - ApartmentsSlide20
People travel from satellite towns to the city for work
Lower land values mean homes are often cheaper here
Irish Example: Leixlip. French Example: Marne-La-Valee
Satellite townsSlide21
Industries in ParisSlide22Slide23
Open Space in ParisSlide24
Land Values are
highest
in the CBD and most businesses that locate here need lots of customers buying services or small goods.Eg. Law Companies, Department Stores etc.Outside the city, lower land values
encourage companies selling bulky products to set up
Eg
. Car dealers, builder providers, etc.
Land ValuesSlide25
Residential Accommodation in Irish CitiesSlide26
Residential Accommodation in Irish CitiesSlide27
Residential Accommodation in Irish CitiesSlide28
Residential Accommodation in Irish CitiesSlide29
Residential Accommodation in Irish CitiesSlide30
Residential Accommodation in Irish CitiesSlide31
Old Houses -
Two Up, Two Down
– Two bedrooms upstairs, two rooms downstairs, toilet in back garden!Modern Materials – today’s houses are better constructed and better insulated
Central Heating has replaced open fires
More bedrooms, bathrooms and toilets
Residential AccommodationSlide32
Rush Hour –
when most commuters are either going to work (before 9AM) or going home (after 5.30 PM approx)
In London people have to pay extra to drive into the city at this timeIn Dublin,
cars are banned from certain streets at this time.
This is designed to stop
Traffic Congestion
Commuting to workSlide33
Discouraging TrafficSlide34
Public Transport In DublinSlide35Slide36
2003 Higher Level PaperSlide37
2011 Higher Level PaperSlide38
Decline of the Inner City:
As cars become more common, people move out of the inner city which then becomes run down
Urban ProblemsSlide39Slide40
URBAN DECLINE SOLUTIONS
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
It involves the rebuilding of a decaying areas for new uses like shops, offices and entertainment.
Eg
Dublin Docklands
URBAN RENEWAL
It involves improving existing communities by refurbishing and providing better facilities. Encourages people to stay in a community.
Case Study: Fatima Mansions
What were
Fatime
Mansions
What problems faced Fatima Mansions?
List at least 2 ways Fatima Mansions has been improved?Slide41
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
Is used to tackle inner city decay.
It involves the rebuilding of a decaying areas for new uses like shops, offices and entertainment. Eg Dublin DocklandsSlide42Slide43
URBAN RENEWAL
Is used to tackle inner city decay.
It involves improving existing communities by refurbishing and providing better facilities.Slide44Slide45
URBAN SPRAWL SOLUTIONS
NEW TOWNS
Build a new town at the city edge so people are concentrated into one area rather than spread out.
Case Study:
Tallaght
What is meant by planned?
Give two reasons why people do not need to drive into
dublin
city centre everyday?
What facilities does
Tallaght
have?Slide46
KOLKATASlide47Slide48
BUSTEESlide49
TRANSPORTSlide50
WATERSlide51
SANITATIONSlide52
EDUCATIONSlide53
Urban Problems
As the population of the
inner city moves to the suburbs, the area goes into decline and becomes run downSlide54
Urban Sprawl – this refers to the rapid growth of a city outward, usually as a result of housing growth
Urban ProblemsSlide55
Unemployment – many factories have now moved out of the CBD, leading to unemployment for inner city communities. Also many Inner City residents drop out of school and have few skills.
Urban ProblemsSlide56
Crime – a major problem in inner cities is a high crime rate, often fuelled by drug dealing
Urban ProblemsSlide57
Community Disruption – when people move out of cities, it breaks connections between families and neighbours
Ballymun
in Dublin was a failed housing development because it broke connections between families Urban ProblemsSlide58
Urban Renewal – tearing down old shops and housing and putting up new shops
AND
housing in its place. Original residents move into new homes in the same area. Example: BallymunUrban Redevelopment – tearing down old shops and housing and putting up new shops
ONLY.
Original residents move
out
of the area. Example: Jervis Street, Dublin
In redevelopment, the function of the area changes.
Urban ImprovementSlide59
Ballymun
– demolish old homes, build new onesSlide60
Jervis StreetSlide61
Fatima Mansions – before renewalSlide62
Fatima Mansions – after renewalSlide63Slide64
Urban Sprawl – where residential areas spread far out from the CBD
Housing ONLY – this makes it difficult to get jobs in the area – v few shops/factories - leads to urban problems (crime, drugs etc.)
New Towns – managing urban sprawlSlide65
Tallaght
– once a small village it grew rapidly in the 1970s as people moved to it from inner city Dublin and the rest of the country
New Towns – managing urban sprawlSlide66Slide67
Very spread out town – hard to get around easily
Very few services – just like a gigantic housing estate with little else
Few jobs – people left Tallaght to work in other parts of DublinAfter falling into decline in the 1980s it was decided to develop new jobs and services in
Tallaght
Tallaght
in the 1970s and 80sSlide68
LUAS provides easy access
New Developments – provides jobs and leisure opportunities
New educational facilities (Tallaght Institute of Technology)Sporting Facilities (Shamrock Rovers)
Tallaght
todaySlide69Slide70Slide71Slide72
2005 Junior Cert QuestionSlide73
Adamstown – a planned new townSlide74Slide75
Urbanisation in the Developing World
ProblemsSlide76
Same city, different life….Slide77
Overloaded
infrastructureSlide78Slide79Slide80
2010 Junior Cert Question