area of an object What is the formula for finding volume of a solid What is the formula for finding density Bonus How many seconds are there in a year What is science Use of scientific ID: 737391
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Slide1
Warm Up
How do you find the
area
of an object?
What is the formula for finding
volume
of a solid?
What is the formula for
finding
density
?
Bonus: How
many seconds are there in a year?Slide2
What is science?
Use of scientific
inquiry
to form testable explanations and make predictions about studying the natural word.“Scientia” – Latin word meaning “knowledge”.
Major categories:Life science:Earth science:Physical science:
Living organisms
Earth & space
Matter & energySlide3
Scientific explanations help you understand the natural world.
What is science?
As more is learned about the natural world, some of the earlier explanations might be found to be incomplete or new technology might provide more accurate answers.
Think about the things you use once you leave school to the time you wake up.What would life be without technology?Slide4
Scientific Method
An
organized set of investigation
procedures.Six common steps found in scientific methods are shown. Step 1: State the ProblemStep 2:
Gather informationStep 3: Form a hypothesis
Step 4: Test
the hypothesis
Step 5:
Analyze
data
Step 6:
Draw
a
c
onclusion
Construct a study guide & Create a mnemonic. Slide5
Warm Up
What is the mnemonic that your group came up with for the Scientific Method steps?
What are
the Scientific Method steps in order?Slide6
Scientific Method
Step 1:
State
the ProblemWonder “what” or “why”Step 2: Gather
informationResearch - to fine tune the question and to form a hypothesis. Step 3: Form
a hypothesis
Testable explanation based on what you know and observation.
Find key words &
phrases for each step in the textbook and add it to your study guide.Slide7
Scientific Method
Step 4:
Test
the hypothesisHypothesis – educated guess through observation or a possible explanation for a question or problem. Define Hypothesis.
Did you find?Experiment, variables, constants, & control
Process of observation, measurement & collecting data by designing an experiment.
Find key words & phrases for each step in the textbook and add it to your study guide.Slide8
V
ariable
- a factor that can cause a change in the results of an experiment.Experiment – looks at how one thing affects another under controlled conditions. Experimentum -
Latin word, which means “proof or test.” List and define the 4 types of variables?
Scientific MethodSlide9
We want to determine
which of three
different fertilizers
helps plants to grow the biggest. What are possible factors to consider?Possible factors include:room temperature
Experiment:plant type
amount of sunlight
amount of water
type of fertilizer
type of soilSlide10
Experiment
:
Draw a data table to represent all of the factors.
Which of the following is the dependent
variable?
Which are the
constants
. Why?
Which of the following is the control
? Why?
Which of the following is the
independent
variablel
? Why? Slide11
Organizing data into tables & graphs
Includes ALL results
Supported or not?
Must be able to be repeated with same result.Step 5: Analyze data
Step 6: Draw a conclusion Scientific MethodSlide12
Scientific Method - Things to Considered
How data is collected -
Accuracy
vs. precision. Accuracy: The closeness of a given measurement to its true value, i.e. bulls eye.
Precision: The stability of that measurement when repeated many times, i.e. cluster.Define each & explain the difference.
Which of the following is accuracy, precision or both?Slide13
Qualitative
– use of senses;
descriptive color, shape, odor, texture, tasteScientific Method - Things to Considered
2. How data is collected - Qualitative vs. Quantitative .
Quantitative
- involves measurements; has a number and units associated with it. Ex:
length, width, height,
massSlide14
Warm Up
A. B. C. D.
2. __________
involves
measurements; has a number and units associated with it. Ex: length, width, height, mass.3. __________use of senses; descriptive color, shape, odor, texture, taste
1. Identify the following for A-D: Accuracy, precision, both or neither Slide15
2. Organizing Data
Visual representation of your data/observation
Use of tables and/or graphs
.Types of data organizers:Data TableLine Graph
Circle GraphBar GraphScientific
Method - Things to Considered
Visualizing with modelsSlide16
Data Graphs
Data Table:
record and organize data; helps in designing a graph or chart. Ex. Rainbow Lab
Test TubeColorFinal Volume
ARed10 mLBOrange9.9 mLC
Yellow10.1 mL
DGreen9.7 mL
E
Blue
9.9 mL
F
Purple
10.2 mLSlide17
Data Graphs
Click to Create a Graph
Line Graph:
deals with independent vs. dependent variables that change continuouslyD = dependent variableR = responding variable
Y = graph information on the vertical or y-axisM = manipulated variableI = independent variableX
= graph information on the horizontal or x-axis
x axis: represents the independent
variable
y axis: represents the
dependent
variable
Remember:
DRY MIX
(an
acronym
) Slide18
Data Graphs
Circle Graph:
aka. “pie graph”.
Divided into section in relation to 100%Slide19
Data Graphs
Bar Graph:
compares data that does
NOT change continuously.Slide20
Data Graphs
Models –
represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it.
Give some examples of scientific modelsSlide21
Scientific Method - Things to Considered
2. How resources should be used:
Using reusable equipment
Using small mountsDisposing of waste properly
Understanding MSDAMaterial Safety Data SheetsSlide22
Scientific Law vs. Theory
A
scientific law
is a statement about what happens in nature and that seems to be true all the time. Laws tell you what will happen under certain conditions, but they don’t explain why or how something happens.A scientific theory
is an explanation of things or events based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations. It is not a guess; it is an accepted
hypothesis.
Look up the definitions for scientific law and theory.
Give
an example of a scientific law.
A theory can be used to explain a law, but theories do not become laws.Slide23
Use a Venn diagram to compare &
contrast Law vs. Theory
Law Theory
Scientific Law vs. TheorySlide24
Review
Essential Questions
What steps do scientists often use to solve problems?
Why do scientists use variables?
What is the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?Slide25
Review
investigation
New
scientific methods
hypothesis
experiment
variable
dependent variable
independent variable
constant
control
bias
model
scientific theory
scientific law
VocabularySlide26
1. Oreo Cookie ChallengeDo Double-Stuff Oreos actually have double the stuffing or regular
Oreos?
Equipment
: Scale, Beaker, Rulers, *Oreos and Double Stuff Oreos*you may need to set some guidelines about eating the experiment items2. Bounty Challenge: Which paper towels more absorbent generic paper towels or Bounty?Equipment: Beaker, Graduated Cylinder, Scale, Rules, Water, Two types of towelsDissecting trays or pans might help for catching water.3.
Surface Effect: How does surface are of a candy affect how quickly it dissolves in water?Equipment: Smarties or sweet tarts (or any sugary dissolvable candy that can be cut into smaller portions), water, ruler, scale, *scalpel or blade, timer
*requires safety discussion beforehand4.
Gum Challenge: Many gum brands claim that they have the longest lasting flavor. Design and conduct an experiment
to determine what type of gum has the longest lasting
flavor. clock
, a variety of different types of gum
5
. Polish Remover Challenge:
Which type of polish remover works best, acetone or acetone
free? fingernail
polish, polish remover (2 types), dishes, lids, or other surfaces to paint on, variety is good so that
student must
consider the surface when conducting the experiment.Slide27
Sample GuidelinesOn a single paper for your group write:
1) Experiment Question
2) Your hypothesis (include reasoning)
3) Your experimental design *4) Data collected5) Your ConclusionsEvaluate claims seen on commercials, design and conduct an experiment to test those claims.