Adapted from Real Good Grammar Too by Mamie Webb Hixon Capitalization Capitalize all major words in a title Do not capitalize articles conjunctions or prepositions The Hound of the Baskervilles ID: 1029136
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1. Capitalization, Italicization, Quotations, and HyphenationAdapted from Real Good Grammar, Too by Mamie Webb Hixon
2. CapitalizationCapitalize all major words in a title. Do not capitalize articles, conjunctions, or prepositions: The Hound of the Baskervilles“Song of the Open Road” Leaves of Grass
3. CapitalizationCapitalize the first word in a complete sentence in direct quotation: Socrates advises, “Know thyself.” Do not capitalize the first word in a direct quotation that is only part of a sentence: Despite his medical degree, the locals considered Dr. Williams a “snake oil salesman.”
4. CapitalizationCapitalize brand and trade names: Ford truck KleenexPost-It Amazon Prime
5. CapitalizationCapitalize personal names:Ms. Williams Bertrand Russel LeBron James Nina SimoneCapitalize stage names:Professor Marvel Bill Nye the Science Guy
6. CapitalizationCapitalize titles with proper names:Professor HoodDoctor FergusonRepresentative Janet Cruz
7. Capitalize titles that denote high rank:She will soon be President of the United States. Do not capitalize titles of ordinary positions:She is president of her school’s drama club.
8. CapitalizationCapitalize abbreviations, initialisms, and certain acronyms: Ph.D or PhD NFLIRS NASA
9. CapitalizationCapitalize Proper Nouns:University of West FloridaBooker T. Washington High School Capitalize political, social, athletic, and other groups: The League of Women VotersThe Social Security AdministrationThe New England Patriots
10. CapitalizationCapitalize the names of specific academic courses: Black Women Writers Composition 102 Symbolic Logic Chemistry I Do not capitalize general descriptions of courses:a history course my math classthe science requirement a seminar in literature
11. CapitalizationCapitalize specific time periods, holidays, and events: the High Middle Ages St. Valentine’s Day Hangout Fest Yom KippurCapitalize the names of states, countries, and continents:Florida Walton County Mexico AsiaCapitalize the names of races, nationalities, and species: African-American Puerto Rican Homo Sapien
12. CapitalizationCapitalize compass directions when they refer to regions:the Deep South the Southeast the Middle EastDo not capitalize compass directions when they refer to directions of travel:I live south of the flood zone. Continue driving north 500 feet.
13. CapitalizationCapitalize religions and specific religious terms:Islam Southern Methodist Hindu deities Buddhist practice the Ten Commandments Do not capitalize religious terms that do not refer to something specific:my church communion agnostic or atheist (these are ways of thinking, not religions)
14. CapitalizationCapitalize “God” or “Allah” when referencing the God of monotheism (a specific God that people often address directly as God as if it were a proper name):Then sings my soul, my savior God to thee. ʾIn shāʾ Allāh Do not capitalize the word “god” when referencing gods who are not directly addressed as “God”:The gods of war all the gods of Greece and Rome
15. ItalicizationItalicize the titles for longer works:books such as The Elements of Stylenovels such as The Graveyard Bookplays such as Angels in Americanewspapers such as The Boston Globemagazines such as Timepaintings such as Guernica sculptures such as Bird in Spacetrains such as City of New Orleansships such as USS Jimmy CarterTV programs such as Grantchester
16. Quotation MarksUse quotation marks for smaller works:TV episodes such as “Pretty Much Dead Already,” The Walking Deadmovie scenes such as “Stoning,” The Life of Brianbook chapters such as “The Piper at the Gates of Dawn,” The Wind in the Willowssongs such as “While My Guitar Gently Weeps”poems such as “A Sea Dirge” essays such as “A Modest Proposal”speeches such as “The Audacity of Hope”
17. Quotation MarksUse quotation marks for direct quotations:The Munchkins tell Dorothy, “Follow the Yellow Brick Road.”Oscar Wilde lamented that he was “fining it harder and harder to live up to [his] blue china.”
18. Quotation MarksPlace commas and periods (the small punctuation marks) inside quotation marks: “Parting is such sweet sorrow,” Juliet responds.Place semicolons and colons (the tall punctuation marks) outside quotation marks: The sign on the women’s room door says, “men’s room,” but the arrow points to the other rest room door.
19. Quotation MarksQuestion marks and exclamation points go inside the quotation marks if they are part of the quotation; if they are part of a sentence that ends in a quotation, they go outside the quotation marks: Was it Patrick Henry who said “Give me liberty or give me death”? Dean Martin once asked, “Ain’t love a kick in the head?”
20. HyphenationUse a hyphen for fractions used as modifiers: one-third voter turnoutUse a hyphen for numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine.Use a hyphen for some compound nouns: brother-in-law Jack-in-the-box dry-cleaning
21. HyphenationUse a hyphen for compound modifiers: Trent is an African-American man. A hyphen combines the words “African” and “American” to form a single adjective that describes the noun “man,” but Trent is an African American. The word “African” is an adjective that describes the noun “American”; don’t use a hyphen to combine them because they are different parts of speech.
22. Use a hyphen for some prefixes:well- all- self- ex- Do not use a hyphen for the following prefixes: pre un re inter non multibi semi up over intraHyphenation