What leads to scientific discovery Inside the Box Careful methodical sequential experimentation and study Outside the Box Free openminded creativity Richard Buckminster Bucky Fuller ID: 799620
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Slide1
SCI 1030
I Balcom
Lecture slides 7
Slide2What leads to scientific discovery?
Inside the Box
Careful, methodical, sequential experimentation and study
Outside the Box
Free, open-minded, creativity.
Slide3Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller
born on July 12, 1895, in Milton, Massachusetts,
Spending much of his youth on Bear Island, in Penobscot Bay off the coast of Maine
Struggled in school
Slide4Fuller was sent to Milton Academy, in Massachusetts, and after that, began studying at Harvard.
He was expelled from Harvard twice: first for spending all his money partying with a vaudeville troupe, and then, after having been readmitted, for his "irresponsibility and lack of interest." By his own appraisal, he was a non-conforming misfit in the fraternity environment
Slide5By age 32, Fuller was bankrupt and jobless, living in public, low-income housing in Chicago, Illinois.
In 1922,
Fuller's young daughter Alexandra died from complications from polio and spinal meningitis.
Allegedly, he felt responsible and this caused him to become drunk frequently and to contemplate suicide for a while.
He finally chose to embark on "an experiment, to find what a single individual [could] contribute to changing the world and benefiting all humanity.
Slide6Dymaxion House
Slide7Slide8Dymaxion Car
Slide9Slide10http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlLZE23EJKs&feature=related
Slide11Geodesic Dome
Although Fuller was not the original inventor, he developed the intrinsic mathematics of the dome, thereby allowing popularization of the idea — for which he received a U.S. patent in 1954
Slide12The geodesic dome appealed to Fuller because it was extremely strong for its weight, its "
omnitriangulated
" surface provided an inherently stable structure, and because a sphere encloses the greatest volume for the least surface area
Slide13Seagaia
Ocean Dome
:
Miyazaki, Japan
, 216 m (710 ft).
Multi-Purpose Arena:
Nagoya, Japan
, 187 m (614 ft).
Tacoma Dome
:
Tacoma
, WA, USA, 162 m (530 ft).
Superior Dome
: Northern Michigan Univ.
Marquette, MI
, USA, 160 m (525 ft).
Walkup
Skydome
: Northern Arizona Univ.
Flagstaff, AZ
, USA, 153 m (502 ft).
Poliedro
de Caracas
:
Caracas
, Venezuela, 145 m (475 ft).Designed by Thomas C. Howard of
Synergetics
, Inc.
[32]
[33]
[34]
Round Valley High School Stadium:
Springerville
-
Eagar, AZ
, USA, 134 m (440 ft).
Former Spruce Goose Hangar:
Long Beach, CA
, USA, 126 m (415 ft).
Formosa Plastics Storage Facility: Mai Liao, Taiwan, 123 m (402 ft).Union Tank Car Maintenance Facility: Baton Rouge, LA USA, 117 m (384 ft), destroyed in November 2007.[35]Designed by Thomas C. Howard of Synergetics, Inc.Lehigh Portland Cement Storage Facility: Union Bridge, MD USA, 114 m (374 ft).The Eden Project, Cornwall, United Kingdom[36] Panoramic view of the geodesic domes at the Eden ProjectOther notable domes include:Spaceship Earth at Disney World's Epcot Center in Florida, 80.8-meters (265 ft) wide (Spaceship Earth is actually a self supporting geodesic sphere, the only one currently in existence.)Downtown Vancouver, BC is a geodesic sphere hosting the Telus World of Science, a science centre (formerly called Science World), that was originally the Expo Centre built for Expo 86.The dome over a shopping center in downtown Ankara, Turkey, 109.7-meter (360 ft) tallThe dome enclosing a civic center in Stockholm, Sweden, 85.3-meter (280 ft) high.The world’s largest aluminum dome formerly housed the “Spruce Goose” airplane in Long Beach Harbor, California.The Climatron in the Missouri Botanical Garden built in 1960 was the first geodesic dome greenhouse and the first major architectural use of Plexiglas. Designed by Thomas C. Howard of Synergetics, Inc.
Slide14Slide15Dymaxion Map
Slide16Slide17The
Dymaxion
Chronofile
is Buckminster Fuller's attempt to document his life as completely as possible. He created a very large scrapbook in which he documented his life every 15 minutes from 1920 to 1983.
The scrapbook contains copies of all correspondence, bills, notes, sketches, and clippings from newspapers. The total collection is estimated to be 270 feet (80 m) worth of paper.
This is said to be the most documented human life in history.
Slide18"There is no energy crisis, only a crisis of ignorance."
Fuller coined to mean "doing more with less“
Buckminster Fuller was one of the first to propagate a systemic worldview, and he explored principles of energy and material efficiency in the fields of architecture, engineering and design.
He cited François de
Chardenedes
' opinion that petroleum, from the standpoint of its replacement cost out of our current energy "budget" (essentially, the net incoming solar flux), had cost nature "over a million dollars" per U.S. gallon (US$300,000 per
litre) to produce. From this point of view, its use as a transportation fuel by people commuting to work represents a huge net loss compared to their earnings
Slide19Fullerene
Slide20Buckminsterfullerene
"It is the roundest and most symmetrical large molecule known to man.
Buckministerfullerene
continues to astonish with one amazing property after another. Named after American architect R. Buckminister
Fuller who designed a geodesic dome with the same fundamental symmetry, C60 is the third major form of pure carbon; graphite and diamond are the other two
Slide21Carbon Nanotubes
Slide22Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon
nanotubes
,
including
conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects.
Some of these applications are now realized in products. Others are demonstrated in early to advanced devices, and one, hydrogen storage, is clouded by controversy.
Nanotube
cost, polydispersity in nanotube type, and limitations in processing and assembly methods are important barriers for some applications of single-walled
nanotubes
Slide23Applications of Buckytubes
Carbon
nanotubes
have valuable qualities as structural materials. Potential uses include:
Textiles
—CNT can make waterproof and/or tear-resistant fabricsBody armor
—MIT is working on combat jackets that use CNT fibers to stop bullets and to monitor the condition of the wearer.
[1] Cambridge University developed the fibres and licensed a company to make them.
[2]
Concrete
—CNT in concrete increase its tensile strength, and halt
crack propagation
.
[3]
Polyethylene
—
Addint
CNT to polyethylene can increase the polymer's
elastic modulus
by 30%.
Sports equipment
—Stronger and lighter
tennis rackets
,
bicycle
parts,
golf balls
,
golf clubs
, and
baseball bats
.
Space elevator
—CNT are under investigation as possible components of the
tether
up which a space elevator can climb. This requires
tensile strengths
of more than about 70
GPa
.synthetic muscles: Due to their high contraction/extension ratio given an electric current, CNTs are ideal for synthetic muscle.[4]High tensile strength fibers—Fibers produced with polyvinyl alcohol required 600 J/g to break.[5] In comparison, the bullet-resistant fiber Kevlar fails at 27–33 J/g.Bridges—CNT may be able to replace steel in suspension and other bridges.Flywheels—The high strength/weight ratio enables very high rotational speeds.Fire protection—Thin layers of buckypaper can significantly improve fire resistance due to the efficient reflection of heat by the dense, compact layer of CNT or carbon fibers.[6]