Leslie Henry BSN RN PHN Nurse Consultant Tuberculosis Control Branch California Department of Public Health Objectives Describe how s ocial m edia sites can be used to identify and locate potential contacts and ID: 780462
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Slide1
Using Social Media to Augment Traditional Tuberculosis Contact Investigation Methods
Leslie Henry, BSN, RN, PHNNurse ConsultantTuberculosis Control BranchCalifornia Department of Public Health
Slide2Objectives
Describe how social media sites can be used to identify and locate potential contacts and possible exposure sitesIdentify ethical considerations to keep in mind when employing social media in a contact
investigation
Slide3Disclosures
The faculty have no conflicts of interest to disclose
Slide4What is Social Media?
Social media: Computer-mediated tools
that allow people to create, share or exchange information, ideas, and pictures/videos in
virtual communities and networks
Used to share ideas, exchange information, display viewpoints
Arranged as forums, communities, or networksInstantly connect and transmit messages to large numbers of peopleVast amount of personal, formerly ‘private’, data available
Trieu, 2014
Slide5Social Media Platforms
Facebook
(2004)
Online profile: ability to share pictures, posts, and opinions
As of 2018 there are 2.3 billion mobile active users
5 new profiles are created every SECOND
Instagram
(2010)
A primarily mobile application profile of photo sequences
1 billion users worldwide
95 million photos shared per day
Twitter
(2006)
Exchange of messages of 280 characters or less321 million monthly users who send 500 million Tweets a day
LinkedIn (2003)Online resume used for professional networkingHas more than 500 million usersYouTube (2005)A web sharing device for videos1.3 billion users300 hours of video are uploaded every minuteYelp (2004)Publishes reviews on local businesses with personal input from users33 million unique Yelp visitors a month
Trieu, 2014
Slide6Who Uses Social Media
Law Enforcement
Lawyers
Government
A
genciesSchools and UniversitiesHospitalsInsurance CompaniesProspective Employers
Slide7How many of you use social media as part of your job?
(Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Yelp)
Slide8Uses of Social Media in TB control
Contact investigationsIdentifying additional contactsVerifying work/school/congregate exposure sites
Outbreak and genotype cluster investigations
Identifying/confirming epidemiologic links
Finding lost
patientsIdentifying new locating informationMonitoring adherence to isolation Photos of the patient in public during isolation
Trieu, 2014
Slide9What information can you get from using Social Media?
Identify how TB patients might be connectedAre they friends with other cases?Identify additional contactsFind additional case information:
Where do they spend time?
Where do they work?
Field safety issues
Slide10Slide11Slide12Snow White
Tigger
Mickey Mouse
Belle
Jiminy Cricket
Donald Duck
Slide13Slide14Slide15How to use the information found
Social media is more of an information gathering tool that can help guide certain questionsUse info gathered from social media sites to confirm what the case/contact said during an earlier interviewIt
is
recommended that you
not
reveal that social media is the source of your information
Slide16How to use the information found: Interviews
LocationsVacationsPartiesSocial gatheringsFamily gatherings
Hobbies
Photos
Are there photos of the case with children?
Are there any photos that show the case out in public when they were supposed to be isolated? Comments from friendsAnything said about how much weight a case has lost could be helpful in establishing or confirming an infectious period
Slide17What to do when you can’t find them on Social Media?
Try searching for other family members or known friendsIf the name is unique, try a basic Google searchIf you have a phone number or email, use this information to search for them on Facebook
Sometimes you will be unsuccessful
Slide18Case Study 1 – Establishing Epi Links
Outbreak in a large extended familyForeign-born adult index case7 children mostly US-born, all related to index caseAge ranges of children 1 – 12 years oldA new case identified
US-born adult
Not a family member
Does not match outbreak demographics
On Humira for RAGenotype matches the outbreak
Slide19Case Study 1 – Results
A Facebook search of both cases Both the index and new case had an adolescent childBoth children played soccer in the same leagueThis information was used in the reinterview
of the new case
The reinterview revealed that the new case drove the index case’s child to soccer practice
Epi-link established
Time and resources were saved by not having to look further for a link
Slide20Case Study 2 – Identifying contacts
Index caseUS-born teenagerSmear/culture positive, cavitary TBHousehold CI – all positive
School CI
had
a high positivity rate
Repeatedly stated they had no friends other than the family
Slide21Case Study 2 – Results
The index case’s Facebook was viewed Facebook revealed several additional contacts, including childrenPictures showed they belonged to a gymnastics team2 additional cases
were found and treated
Slide22Ethical Considerations
Protect patient confidentiality The potential is there to link the patient to TBDon’t mix business with personalConsider having a generic profileRestrict use of social media for public health purposes onlyDevelop local policy for the use of social media
If no local policy is available, seek supervisory support before using social media for work
Slide23Tips for Avoiding Ethical Lapses
Do not post, tweet, blog, or otherwise disclose protected, sensitive, or confidential informationAccess only publicly available information; do not attempt to gain access to non-public social media content
Do not friend patients or their contacts
Do not accept friend invitations from patients
Do not ask
to follow a private Twitter or Instagram accountDo not subscribe to patients’ YouTube accountsDo not connect on LinkedIn
Slide24Conclusions
Social media is widely used and can be a helpful tool for routine TB controlLocating patients who need follow-up Enhancing contact, outbreak, and genotype cluster investigations
It is not a substitute for a good contact investigation
Privacy and confidentiality issues must be addressed when developing protocols on how to use social media
Consult with your organization’s administrators
Trieu, 2014
Slide25Acknowledgements
TBCBAnne Cass Corrine StuartMaureen O’Rourke-Futey
NYC
Trieu, Lisa. 'Beyond Liking, Friending And
Poking‘. 2014 NTCA Presentation
References