CHAPTER 32 EMERGENCY HEALTH - PowerPoint Presentation

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CHAPTER 32EMERGENCY HEALTH CAREERS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaPTY-nS4lM&feature=related

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The goal of modern emergency care is immediate aid, treating shock, giving CPR, & transport to acute careThe EMS system is a coordinated response by all levels of practitioners to accidents and sudden illness In most areas, EMS services are initiated through the use of the 9-1-1 telephone call

Careers in Emergency Health

CALL

911

HE’S UNCONSCIOUS!!!!

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EMERGENCY CALL CENTER

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFXl4o9Vb5o&feature=related

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Emergency Careers Educational Cost and Earnings

Job Title

Educational Cost

Average Earnings

Emergency Medical Technician

(EMT)

$800 – 2,000

1 – 3 months

Night or weekend programs

$37,000 / year

Paramedic

$3,000 – 13,000

1 – 2 years full-time

$42,000 Ambulance

$44,975

Air Rescue

Flight Nurse

(RN)

AND $6,000-40,000

BSN

$40,000 – 200,000

$66,640 Acute Care

$79,796 Flight Crew

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Works under the supervision of a physicianProvides care to the acutely ill or injured person in the pre-hospital settingFour classifications of E.M.T.s: ER technicians

E.M.T.Paramedic

Triage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73kJ-4gEsnA

Intubation

http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=1058857731434

Emergency Medical Technician

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EMT-P (Paramedic) (EMT-4)Provides advanced life supportSkilled in all duties of other EMT personnel and monitoring electrocardiograph readings and defibrillationMay administer medication and perform endotracheal intubation

Emergency Medical Technician

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Requirements vary by stateAt least 18 years old and high school diplomaRegistration with the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (required by 38 states)Training includes a supervised internship

EMT certification is required by ALL statesRecertification

Emergency Medical Technician (Continued)

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Flight rescue professionalsFlight paramedicsACLS certification

Prior field experience

Flight nurses

Registered nurse with at least 2 years of critical care or emergency room experience

ACLS, PALS and critical care certification

Flight respiratory therapists

Must be certified respiratory therapist

Critical care experience

Flight rescue professionals transport victims to emergency facilities

Other Emergency Personnel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgK2E0nn1Lw

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Purpose of first aid is to sustain life and prevent deathFirst aid training teaches treatment of:

Breathing problemsChoking in adults & infants

Allergic reactions

Low blood sugar

Wounds

Poisoning

Burns

Shock

Fractures

Temperature alterations

Illness caused by medical

conditions/chemicals/drugs

Standard Precautions must ALWAYS be observed

Emergency Procedures

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Order of treatment: Remember your ABC’sEmergency

Assessment and Treatment

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Wounds result when tissue is damaged:External (six types)AbrasionScraping of skinBleeding is minimal

IncisionCut made with a surgical instrument, knife, or glassWound with straight edges

Bleeding is rapid and heavy

Laceration

Irregularly shaped cuts made by a sharp object

Bleed the least

Wounds

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Wounds result when tissue is damaged:External (six types)PunctureObject pierces the skinHigh risk of infectionAvulsion

Traumatic tearing away of part of the bodyBleeding is rapid and heavy

Amputation

Surgical severing or cutting away of part of the body

Internal

Contusion or bruise

Wounds (Continued)

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Bleeding Wounds

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x17IAot_JNk&list=PLh-RhJtgfeZAjLr7iDyCqYuBMPdYWY2CJ

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Figure 32-8 Pressure on Artery Points

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Methods of Bandaging

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Breakage of a boneClassified as:Closed (simple)Do not penetrate skinOpen (compound)Bone breaks through the skin

Greater chance of infection

Fractures

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Table 32-7 Fractures

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5K-6q36Hlk

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Muscle strainsUsually from overuseCause pain, and sometimes crampingMuscle sprainsRapid swelling and pain when joint is movedDislocationBone moves out of jointSwelling, pain, and discoloration

Treatment: RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Other Injuries to Bones

& Muscle

Tissue

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Apply Your Knowledge…Moving a patient with one personhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjZ6RWq21GkPlease find a partner and practice the drag technique in the video, then treat them for a bleeding laceration…

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Signs & Symptoms:Very rapid or slow breathingLabored breathingAccessory muscle use to breathHands up holding throatPossible causes:AsthmaAnaphylaxis Shock from a medical condition

ChokingTreatment:Keep calmGet inhaler if asthmaticGive epinepherine if allergy

Abdominal thrusts if choking

Call 911 & get ready to do CPR

Breathing Problems

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv68EQ3tCBI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IxTC5A_9-s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx2U0fIqN5I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyxqEvtr1Mo

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Causes of Shock

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Response of the cardiovascular system to the presence of adrenalin resulting from capillary constrictionCan result from:TraumaElectrical injury

Insulin shockHemorrhage

Reaction to drugs

May occur in conjunction with other injuries or illnesses

Anaphylactic shock is response of body to an allergen

Shock

https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3637289255&feature=iv&src_vid=jp32sTgeFTY&v=BLfFYFr7sWY

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Pale and clammy skinWeaknessRestlessnessPulse and respiratory rate are rapidVomiting may occur

Early Signs and Symptoms of Shock

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jp32sTgeFTY&feature=related

TREATMENT OF SHOCK

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ApathyUnresponsivenessDilated pupilsMottled skinLoss of consciousness

Later Signs and Symptoms of Shock

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May result from exposure to heat, chemicals, or radiationSeverity is determined by location, depth, and sizeBurns to the face, arms, legs, and genitals are the most criticalBurns

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https://www.google.com/#safe=strict&q=man%20hit%20by%20lightning%20site%3Ayoutube.com

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Most poisoning occurs in the homePoisonings occur in several ways:Inhaled AbsorbedInjectedObtained by radiation

Signs and symptoms of poisoning:Discoloration or burns on the lips

Unusual odor

Vomiting

Presence of a suspicious container

Poisoning

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Poisoning

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Are you choking…can I help you???CHOKING

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If body temperature varies, body cannot function wellMuscle crampingResults from electrolyte imbalance caused by loss of salt from sweatingCauses pain and inability to use muscleHeat exhaustion

Body temperature is normal but skin is pale and clammyFeel weak and exhausted

Heat stroke

Skin is dry and flushed

Pulse is fast and strong

May cause death

Temperature Alteration

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTVeqf99vSY

Know how to treat a victim for heatstroke

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Frostbite Water in body tissue freezesTissue will die

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yM2de-_zEDEHypothermia

Usually caused by immersion in cold water or being stranded in subzero weather

Temperature

Alteration

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Table 32-8 Temperature Alteration

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Most injuries by marine life and during diving are caused by the victimAquatic life is rarely aggressiveScuba divingAir embolism and decompression illnessResult from rapid ascent http

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfCOnGHheok

Marine Injuries

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Three main types of marine injuries:StingsJelly fish, coralPuncturesSea urchins, stingrays, or spiny fishBites

Fish

Marine

Injuries (cont.)

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Puncture wound

Puncture wound

Sting ray

Stinging fish

Coral

Jellyfish

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Table 32-10 Marine Injuries

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Strokes or cerebrovascular accidentsOccur from spontaneous rupture of a blood vessel or clot formation in the brainSigns and symptoms include:Loss of consciousnessParalysisDifficulty breathing

Slurred speechLoss of bladder controlUnequal pupil size

Medical Conditions

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Seizures (uncontrolled muscle activity)May be preceded by an auraMay occur in several patternsConvulsions (uncoordinated movement of groups of muscles)Move all hard object out of persons wayProtect the head

Medical Conditions (Continued)

http://www.5min.com/Video/Why-Seizures-Occur-489207757

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Table 32-11 Medical Conditions

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Performance Instruction

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Treatment for burns

Treatment of poisoning

Treatment of fractures

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke

Hypothermia and

frostbite

Nosebleeds

Drowning

Eye injuries

Insect or snake bites

Stroke and seizures

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Table 32-12 2005 CPR Guidelines for Lay Responders

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Figure 32-9 Fractures