Effects of Population Growth, industrialization, technology and consumerism on Environment - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Effects of Population Growth, industrialization, technology and consumerism on Environment

2. Rapid Increase of human population Incredible strain on our environment. Pollute the environment and deplete its resources.Global environment are threatening the future of Sustainable life on earth. Problem of global warmingRising sea levels and extreme weather conditions Population Growth

3. Air Pollution:Air pollution is one of the world’s leading risk factors for death, attributed to 5 million deaths each year. Air pollution is attributed to 9% of deaths globally.It is also one of the leading risk factors for disease burden.Death rates from air pollution are highest in low-to-middle income countries, with more than 100-fold differences in rates across the world.Globally, death rates from air pollution have been falling. This has mainly been the result of progress on tackling indoor pollution.Water Pollution: One in nine people worldwide uses drinking water from unimproved and unsafe sources2.4 billion people live without any form of sanitationLack of sanitation is one of the most significant forms of water pollution.90% of sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated directly into water bodiesEvery day 2 million tonnes of sewage and other effluents drain into the world’s waterIndustry discharges an estimated 300-400 mega-tonnes of waste into water bodies every yearNon-point source pollution from agriculture and urban areas often greatly increases the total pollutant load together with industrial point source pollutionA reduction of about one-third of the global biodiversity is estimated to be a consequence of the degradation of freshwater ecosystems mainly due to pollution of water resources and aquatic ecosystems.Re-use of wastewater in agriculture is important for livelihoods, but is associated with serious health risksA. Pollution

4. India has a forest cover of 76.52 million square kms. of recorded forest area, while only 63.34 million square kms. can be classified as actual forest cover. In the year 1997, as compared to 1993, the total forest cover has decreased by 6710 Sq. Kms. The states, which have shown significant decline in the forest covers, are Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Continuing deforestation, therefore, has brought us face to face with a major ecological and socio-economic crisis.B. Deforestation

5. Reductions of up to 70 percent in the ozone column observed in the austral (southern hemispheric) spring over Antarctica and first reported in 1985 (Farman et al.) are continuing. Antarctic total column ozone in September and October have continued to be 40–50 percent lower than pre-ozone-hole values since the 1990s.[1] A gradual trend toward "healing" was reported in 2016.[16] In 2017, NASA announced that the ozone hole was the weakest since 1988 because of warm stratospheric conditions. It is expected to recover around 2070.A massive hole in the ozone layer right above Antarctica now threatens not only that continent, but many others that could be the victims of Antarctica's melting icecaps.C. Depletion of ozone layer

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7. D. Soil ErosionThe soil degradation is caused primarily by overgrazing (35%), agricultural activities (28%), deforestation (30%), over exploitation of land to produce fuel-wood (7%), and industrialization (4%).

8. Loss or degradation of important habitats and microhabitats.Changing of environmental thresholds e.g. temperature, water availability/quality beyond those that a species can tolerate.Loss of important interactions between two unrelated species, or the arrival of new, negative ones e.g. disease.The disruption of environmental cues(Environmental cues are cues around a person that inform them what is happening and how to respond. (e.g. for breeding or migration).The direct loss of individual organisms, or even populations, as a result of extreme events.E. Extinction of species

9. Indirect Impacts of Population Explosion on EcologyThreat to Biodiversity:Due to his destructive activities, man has extracted more and more minerals from the earth. Animals have been hunted and plants have disappeared. There has been loss of biodiversity. These have led to ecological imbalance.The growth of cities may cause biodiversity to decline by fragmenting or destroying large areas of natural habitat on which many species depend. ... Although there are many causes of habitat loss, urbanization has been shown to be one of the most damaging in terms of numbers of species lost or threatenedMain Threats to BiodiversityUrban sprawl and intensive agriculture and forestry encroach on habitats. Extension of road, rail and electricity networks fragments habitats and scares away some species. Overexploitation of natural resources means we consume too much of a species or of goods that ecosystems provide. It also includes excessive hunting, collecting and trade in species and parts of species.Pollution affects the health of animals and plants as much as human health. Environmental disasters such as oil spills have devastating consequences for birds and the marine fauna and flora.Climate change is predicted, by the end of this century, to raise global temperature by between 1.4° and 5.8° Celsius and the sea level by between 9 and 88 cm. Many species will not be able to adapt or to move to other regions. Over the last century, the average temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.6° Celsius and the sea level has risen by 10 to 20 cm. The 90s were the warmest decade in the last 1,000 years. Invasive alien species are species that enter an ecosystem where they don't occur naturally and then thrive and overwhelm endemic species. Often, they are taken there by humans. - Human population has grown from approximately 1.65 billion in 1900 to an estimated 6.3 billion today. In 50 years, the UN predicts a world population of 9 billion.Due to overfishing, 80% of the fish stocks in the EU face collapse or are of unknown status.In 2001, 40% of all EU fish catches were taken from stocks considered to be below safe biological limits. For certain types of fish, notably cod, haddock, whiting, hake and other round fish as well as salmon and sea trout, the percentage was as high as 60%.According to a study published in "Nature" in January 2004, climate change could wipe out a third of the Earth's species by 2050.Imported as a pet from North America, the grey squirrel has caused the extinction of the local red squirrel in the UK and Italy. It is better at competing for food.The tasty Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victoria in Africa in 1954 and caused the extinction of more than 200 endemic fish species.

10. OverharvestingFish species, game and special plants all do fall victim from time to time as a result of over-harvesting or humans over-dependence on them. Overharvesting leads to the reduction in populations, community structures and distributions, with an overall reduction in recruitment. Lots of fish species are known to have reached their maximum exploitation level, and others will soon be. “For example, Oreochromis karongae is one of the most valuable food fishes in Malawi, but populations collapsed in the 1990s due to overfishing, and it is now assessed as Endangered.” Source: IUCN, Major ThreatsUV RadiationThe sun’s rays play an important role in living things. UV rays come in three main wavelengths: UVA, UVB and UVC, and they have different properties. UVA has long wavelengths and reaches the earth’s surface all the time. It helps generate vitamin D for living things. UVB and UVC are more destructive and can cause DNA and cell damage to plans and animals. Ozone depletion is one way that exposes living things to UVB and UVC and the harm caused can wipe lots of species, and affect ecosystems members including humans.Productivity loss: A constant input of solar energy is the basic requirement for any ecosystem to function and sustain. Primary production is defined as the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis. The rate of biomass production is called productivity. It can be divided into gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP). Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis. Gross primary productivity minus respiration losses (R), is the net primary productivity (NPP). Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons (dry weight) of organic matter. Of this, despite occupying about 70 per cent of the surface, the productivity of the oceans are only 55 billion tons. Environmental degradation not only harms health but also reduces environmental productivity. Dirty water, inadequate sanitation, air pollution and land degradation because serious diseases on an enormous scale. Ecosystems are impacted by air pollution, particularly sulphur and nitrogen emissions, and ground-level ozone as it affects their ability to function and grow. Emissions of both sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides deposit in water, on vegetation and on soils as “acid rain”, thereby increasing their acidity with adverse effects on flora and fauna. Ultimately, acidification affects the ability of ecosystems to provide “ecosystem services”, such as for example nutrient cycling and carbon cycling, but also water provision, on which the planet and human life is dependent. Eutrophication, the process of accumulation of nutrients, including nitrogen, in water bodies, often results from air pollution. Nutrient overloads in aquatic ecosystems can cause algae blooms and ultimately a loss of oxygen, and of life. As ecosystems are impacted, so is the biological diversity.