Instinct reflexes and responses what the animal has at birth Ex Nursing searching for food Habituation learning to respond without thinking response to certain stimulus is established as a result of habituation ID: 1018751
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1. ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
2. Terms to knowInstinct – (reflexes and responses) what the animal has at birth. Ex. Nursing, searching for food.Habituation – learning to respond without thinking, response to certain stimulus is established as a result of habituation.Conditioning – learning to respond in a particular way to a stimulus as a result of reinforcement when the proper response is made.
3. Terms to knowReinforcement – a reward for making the proper response.Reasoning – the ability to respond correctly to a stimulus the first time that a new situation is presented.Intelligence – the ability to learn to adjust successfully to certain situations. Both short-term and long-term memory are part of intelligence.
4. Major types of animal behaviorSexual MaternalCommunicative SocialFeeding EliminativeShelter-Seeking InvestigativeAllelomimetic Maladaptive
5. Sexual behaviorUseful in implementing breeding programs Cows that are in heat, allow themselves to be mounted by othersBulls, rams and stallions smell the vagina and urine to detect pheromonesFlehmen – Male animal lifts head and curls its upper lipRams chase ewes that are coming into heatSows seek out boars for matingMares in heat squat and urinate when stallion approaches and vulva winks
6. Maternal BehaviorFemales taking care of newborn and young animals Mothers clean young by licking themMothers fight off intrudersBecome aggressive in protecting they young after birth
7. Communicative behaviorWhen some type of information is exchanged between individual animalsDistress Calls – Lambs bleat, calves bawl, pigs squeal and chicks chirpDams recognize offspring by smellFarm animals respond to calls or whistles of the producerBulls bellow deeply to communicate aggressive behavior
8. Social behaviorIncludes “fight or flight” and aggressive and passive behaviors between animalsIncludes interactions with other animals, humans and behavior during handling and restraintMales of all farm animals fight when they meet other unfamiliar males of the same speciesCows, sows and mares develop a pecking order, but fight less intensely than malesCows withdraw from the herd to a secluded spot just before calvingAlmost all animals withdraw from the herd if they are sick
9. Feeding behaviorExhibited by animals when eating and drinking (Ingestive Behavior)Cattle graze 4-9hrs/day, ruminate 4-9hrs/day, regurgitate 300-400 boluses of feed per daySheep and goats graze 9-11hrs/day, ruminate 7-10hrs/day, regurgitate 400-600 boluses of feed per dayCattle usually don’t go more than 3 miles away from waterSheep may travel as much as 8 miles a day
10. Eliminative behaviorElimination of feces and urineCattle, sheep, horses, goats and chickens eliminate feces & urine indiscriminatelyHogs eliminate feces in definite areas of a pasture or penCattle, sheep, goats and swine defecate while standing or walking, urinate while standing, but not walkingCattle defecate 12-18 times/day, urinate 7-11 times/dayHorses defecate 5-12 times/day, urinate 7-11 times/dayAnimals defecate & urinate more when stressed or excited Animals loose 3% of their live weight when transported to & from market points (Shrink)
11. Shelter-seeking behaviorAnimals crowd together in snow and cold windsAnimals seek shelter of trees when it rainsCattle and sheep seek shady area for rest and rumination if weather is hotHogs find a wet area if weather is hotIn extreme situations, animals pile up to the extent that some get smothered
12. Investigative behaviorPigs, horses and dairy goats are highly curious, investigate any strange object, approach carefully, slowly, sniffing and looking as they approachSheep are less curious and more timid
13. allelomimeticAnimals of a species tend to do the same thing at the same timeImportant in that a producer may observe the herd with little difficulty, also useful in driving groups of animals from one place to anotherCattle and sheep tend to graze at the same time and rest and ruminate at the same timeRange cattle gather at the watering place about the same time each day because one follows the other
14. Maladaptive behavior Animals that cannot adapt to their environment, exhibit inappropriate or unusual behaviorChickens and swine in extensive management (confinement) systems resort to cannibalism, removal of tails is a prevention methodBuller-steer syndrome – steers that have been castrated before puberty demonstrate masculine behavior