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Malaria in Brazil By Maria Jorgensen Malaria in Brazil By Maria Jorgensen

Malaria in Brazil By Maria Jorgensen - PowerPoint Presentation

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Malaria in Brazil By Maria Jorgensen - PPT Presentation

What is Malaria Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans Four kinds of malaria parasites can infect humans ID: 816731

brazil malaria health cases malaria brazil cases health control countries 2014 disease retrieved world http september www organization prevention

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Slide1

Malaria in Brazil

By Maria Jorgensen

Slide2

What is Malaria?

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans.

Four kinds of malaria parasites can infect humans:

Plasmodium

falciparum

, P.

vivax

, P.

ovale

, and

P.

malariae

. Infection

with

P.

falciparum

Slide3
Quick Facts

The World Health Organization estimates that each year 300-500 million cases of malaria occur1 million people die of malaria each year

Most deaths occur in young children.

In Africa, a child dies from malaria every 30 seconds.

Slide4
History of Malaria in Brazil

Malaria is still a major public health problem in Brazil, with approximately 306 000 registered cases in 2009

In the early 1940s, around six million cases of malaria occurred each year.

As a result of the fight against the disease, the number of malaria cases decreased over the years and the smallest numbers of cases to-date were recorded in the 1960s.

From the mid-1960s onwards, Brazil underwent a rapid and disorganized settlement process in the Amazon and this migratory movement led to a progressive increase in the number of reported cases.

Although the main mosquito vector (

Anopheles

darlingi

) is present in about 80% of the country, currently the incidence of malaria in Brazil is almost exclusively (99.8% of the cases) restricted to the region of the Amazon Basin, where a number of combined factors favors disease transmission and impair the use of standard control procedures.

Slide5

History of Reported Cases in Brazil

Slide6
Symptoms and Side Effects

FeverF

lu-like illness:

including shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and tiredness.

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur.

Anemia

Jaundice (yellow coloring of the skin and eyes)

Kidney failure

Seizures

M

ental confusion

C

oma

Death

Slide7
Risk Factors for Malaria

Anyone can get malaria. Most cases occur in people who live in countries with higher malaria transmission rates. People from countries with no malaria can become infected when they travel to countries with malaria or through an infected blood transfusion. Mother to child transmission also can occur before or during delivery.

Slide8
Prevalence in Brazil

Malaria is still a major public health problem in Brazil, with approximately 306 000 registered cases in 2009, but it is estimated that in the early 1940s, around six million cases of malaria occurred each year.

Slide9
Treatment

Malaria can be treated with prescription medications

Atovaquone

Proguanil

Slide10
Prevention

Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented.

Slide11
Prevention Strategies

Take anti-malarial drugs to kill the parasites Spray insecticides on your home’s walls

Sleep under bed nets – especially effective if they have been treated with insecticide

Use insect repellent and wear long-sleeved clothing if out of doors at night

Slide12

Health Organization InterventionsU.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in the planning and implementation of the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), a $1.2 billion initiative to rapidly scale up malaria control interventions in 15 African countries.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Conduct scientific and operations research in malaria-endemic countries to improve understanding of best practices for prevention and treatment of malaria.

Provide technical assistance to the Ministry of Health and local disease prevention and control partners (e.g., the national malaria control program, the reproductive health program responsible for maternal health, the child health program) to strengthen malaria control activities.

Work with key multilateral and bilateral Roll Back Malaria (RBM) partners (e.g., World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations’ Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Bank, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) on malaria control programs.

Slide13
References

Bradt, S. (2011, November 15). Managing Malaria, Beating the Mosquito in the Amazon Jungle.

Harvard University Center for the Environment, 3

(1). Retrieved September 23, 2014, from http://environment.harvard.edu/news/huce-headlines/managing-malaria-beating-mosquito-amazon-jungle

Malaria Atlas Project. (2010).

Brazil

. Retrieved September 22, 2014, from Endemic Countries: Malaria Risk: http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/explore/countries/bra/

Medicines for Malaria Venture. (2013).

Malaria in Brazil.

Retrieved September 21, 2014, from http://www.mmv.org/sites/default/files/uploads/docs/publications/Malaria_in_Brazil_EN.pdf

Oliveira-Ferreira, J.,

Lacerda

, M. V.,

Brasil

, P.,

Ladislau

, J. L.,

Tauil

, P. L., & Daniel-

Ribeiro

, C. T. (2010). Malaria in Brazil: an overview.

Malaria Journal, 9

(115), 1-15. Retrieved September 21, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891813/

United Against Malaria. (2014).

Malaria.com

. Retrieved September 23, 2014, from United Against Malaria: http://www.malaria.com/questions/malaria-brazil

World Health Organization. (2013).

World Malaria Report 2013.

World Health Organization. Retrieved September 21, 2014, from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/profile_bra_en.pdf