By Tanya Maria GolashBoza White Privilege It is important to think about white privilege for several reasons First of all if we want to understand racial oppression it is crucial to understand how it looks from the other side Second white privilege often remains invisible and by b ID: 566872
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Slide1
Chapter Six: White Privilege and the Changing U.S. Racial Hierarchy
By
Tanya Maria Golash-Boza
Slide2
White Privilege
“It is important to think about white privilege for several reasons. First of all, if we want to understand racial oppression, it is crucial to understand how it looks from the other side. Second, white privilege often remains invisible, and by bringing it to light we can develop a better understanding of how racism works in our society. Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that all whites do not experience white privilege in the same way.” (p. 152)
http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/Slide3
Some Examples of White Privilege from “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” by Peggy McIntosh
“I can go shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed.”
“Whether I use checks, credit cards, or cash, I can count on my skin color not to work against the appearance of financial reliability.”
“I can swear, or dress in secondhand clothes, or not answer letters, without having people attribute these choices to the bad morals, the poverty, or the illiteracy of my race.” (p. 151)Slide4
Retailers often racially profile and treat white customers better
than non-white customers.
p. 151:
Joos
Mind/Getty
ImagesSlide5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NynTIaCM988
In
White Like Me
, Tim Wise offers a highly personal examination of the ways in which racial privilege shapes the lives of most white Americans, overtly racist or not, to the detriment of people of color, themselves, and society. The book shows the breadth and depth of the phenomenon within institutions such as education, employment, housing, criminal justice, and healthcare. By critically assessing the magnitude of racial privilege and its enormous costs, Wise provides a rich memoir that will inspire activists, educators, or anyone interested in understanding the way that race continues to shape the experiences of people in the U.S. Using stories instead of stale statistics, Wise weaves a narrative that is at once readable and scholarly, analytical and accessible.
Contra Wise
: http
://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/the-stream/the-stream-officialblog/2013/9/17/anti-racism-activistgetsbacklashoverrant.html/Slide6
White Privilege as Unearned Privilege
An image that presents this idea has been developed by an artist who portrayed what looks like an American Express card, that includes a certain message: “White Privilege Rewards” and the name on the card is “B. E. Aware.”(The Wejr Board, 2011, April 4)
The idea behind the card is that there is already a resource-loaded and pre-loaded card that a white person simply has to use. Slide7
Rewards are Not Equal Across the Board
“Does white privilege benefit all whites equally? White privilege certainly benefits some whites, yet these benefits are not spread equally among them. When an employer gives a white applicant the benefit of the doubt because he is white, the applicant experiences white privilege, whether or not he is aware of it. However, whiteness is not experienced in the same ways by all whites. A poor lesbian white woman in rural South Carolina, for example, will experience her whiteness—her white privilege—in different ways than a wealthy white heterosexual male stockbroker in New York.” (pp. 152-153)Slide8
Differential Privilege
Social class—Poverty versus Middle Class privilege
Sexual Orientation—Lesbian or gay oppression versus straight privilege
Gender—Women experience patriarchy and differential societal expectations exist for women classified in different racial groups
Place of Residence—Segregated neighborhoods contain unequal resources. Slide9
Definitions of White
U.S. Census categories may define who is white and have shifted over time as representative of “social constructions of difference.” (p. 167)Slide10
What comes to mind
when you see these two
images of neighborhoods?
Who do you think is more
likely to live in these
neighborhoods?
p. 154 (top): Thomas
Northcut
/Getty
Images
p
. 154 (bottom): Denis Jr. Tangney/Getty
Images Slide11
Whiteness in Contemporary Times
“Some groups have moved closer to whiteness, whereas others have moved further away.” (p. 156)
Racial hierarchies shift. Examples:
Latinos
Arab Americans, North Africans, Middle Easterners Slide12
Multiracial Identity
Much variability in how different people identify themselves
Does a child who has one white parent identify as white? Or biracial? Or Multiracial? Or favor the non-white parent?
Does the identity shift with the situation and people one is around?
Physical appearance, socioeconomic status, and social networks influence this self-identification. (p. 161)Slide13
Figure 6-1.
Latino
Racial Identifications in the
2010 U.S. Census
Over half of all
Latinos self-identified as “white” in
the 2010
census. Source: U.S. Census (2010).
Figure 6-1: U.S. CensusSlide14
Figure 6-2.
Racial
Self- Identification Among
Latinos by
Skin Color, 1989
Skin color and racial
self identification do not correlate
for Latinos.
Nevertheless,
light skinned Latinos almost never
self-identify as
“black.”
Source: 1989 Latino National Political
Survey.
Figure 6-2: LNPS 1989Slide15
According to the
definitions used in U.S.
census, both people in
these pictures should
check “white.”
p. 158 (top):
Mark
Daffey
/Getty
Images
p. 158 (bottom): AP Photo/Detroit News, Max
Ortiz Slide16
Brandon Stanford identifies with his African American
roots.
p. 160
: ©
2014
BlackStar
Creative. Photo by Noelle
Théard
.Slide17
Three Models Explaining Future of White Majority
The White/Nonwhite Divide—Whiteness will continue to be an exclusive category in which Asians and Latinos will be excluded through socioeconomic exclusions.
The Black/Nonblack Divide—Whites will expand to include everyone but Blacks.
The Tri-racial Order: Latin-Americanization—This creates a system of whites at the pinnacle, those considered “honorary whites” in the middle, and blacks at the bottom. Slide18
Figure 6-3.
Percentage
of Multiracial Children
Identified
as White by
Parents
There is
considerable variation
in how children
with parents of
distinct racial
backgrounds are
identified racially by their parents
.
Source: Roth (2005).
Figure 6-3: Roth (2005)Slide19
(a) Celia Cruz, Cuban salsa singer
(b)
Cameron Diaz
, actress of Cuban descent
(c) America
Ferrera
, actress of Honduran descent.
How useful is it to identify these women as Latina? What do they share? How do they differ?Slide20
Figure 6-5.
Racial Identification in 2002
National
Survey of
Latinos
When given the
option to
identify racially as “Latino
,” a plurality
of Latinos
identified as such.
Source:
Golash-Boza and Darity (2008).Figure 6-5: 2002 National Survey of LatinosSlide21
Ending Thought
White privilege is an important dynamic to understand and identify
Groups may change in racial identification or be simultaneously an ethnic and a racial group
Multiracial identity helps both challenge and reinforce current racial hierarchies
The racial hierarchy could flex in different ways with population change according to scholars. Slide22
Racial Categories: Is Latino a Racial or Ethnic Group?
Latino can both be considered a race, as some Latinos answer with this label when asked what their race is. This is an example of racial assimilation.
Latino can also be an ethnicity in that specific practices although with much in-group diversity characterize the groups included in the label. Slide23
Conclusion
“…[I]t is far from obvious who is white and who is not. We have also seen there are benefits related to being classified as white, yet that these benefits are not spread evenly across the white population.” (p. 172)Slide24
Reference
The Wejr Board. (2011, April 4). What is in YOUR invisible knapsack.
Retrieved from http://chriswejr.com/2011/04/04/whats-in-your-invisible-knapsack/