Replication/Transcription/Translation - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Replication/Transcription/Translation

A

PuhJayJay

Presentation Slide2

Daily Catalyst

1. If there are 34% of Adenines in DNA, what is the percentage of

uracil

in RNA?

34%

2.

Replicate

the following segment of DNA:

    5’- ATCGGCTACGTTCAC  -3’

3’ TAGCCGATGCAAGTG 5

3. How does RNA polymerase know which nucleotides to add?

RNA Polymerase uses the rules of base pairing to add the correction RNA nucleotides.Slide3

Class Business

You

gon

’ learn some

sh

*t!!Slide4

Replication

DNA is copied in the

nucleus

in the process of

replication

. Slide5
Slide6

Steps

Step 1:

DNA is unzipped at the 3’ end by

helicase

.

Step 2: Once the DNA has been unzipped,

the enzyme DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the

3’ end only!!!

Step 3:

DNA

Ligase

glues all of the DNA pieces together.

Step 4:

DNA polymerase and DNA

ligase

proofread

the DNA and repair any mistakesSlide7

Transcription

Transcription transfers genetic information from

DNA to RNA

.

Transcription occurs in the

nucleus

. Slide8

Steps of Transcription

RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the

PROMOTER (TATA)

RNA Polymerase adds RNA nucleotides to the 3’ end.

RNA Polymerase falls off the DNA at the terminator.

The RNA that is made in transcription is called pre-

mRNA

.Slide9

Afterwards

A poly (A) tail, consisting of adenine nucleotides is added to the 3’ end.

The 5’ end is capped off with a modified guanine nucleotide forming a

5’ cap

. The cap helps with binding to the ribosome.

snRNP’s

and

spliceosomes

remove the

introns

and join the

exons

togetherSlide10

Review Time

Replication

Transcription

1. Helicase unzips DNA

2. DNA Polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end

3. Ligase glues segments together

4. DNA Poly and Ligase proofread the DNA

1. Helicase unzips DNA

2. RNA Polymerase attaches to promoter

(TATA)

3. RNA Poly adds RNA nucleotides to the 3’ end

4. RNA poly detaches when it reaches the terminatorSlide11

Translation

Translating the genetic information from DNA into amino acids

Translation occurs in the

ribosomes

.

tRNA

is the

translatorSlide12

Steps

mRNA binds to the

tRNA

at the

anticodon

at the ribosome.

tRNA

will read each

codon

of the mRNA

Correct amino acids are added at the amino acid attachment site on

tRNA

Amino acids are added until a stop

codon

is reached

Stop

codons

are on mRNA

UAA, UAG, and UGA

Stop

codons

do not code for proteinsSlide13

Turn and Talk

Turn to your neighbor and ask how their day is going.

Noise Level: Class (2 minutes)Slide14

Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kzgnl5-8WAk

Slide15

Practice Problems

What type of RNA makes up the

ribosomes

?

rRNA

Where does translation start on the mRNA?

On the start

codon

Where does mRNA bind to

tRNA

?\

On the

anticodon

Slide16

What is the purpose of translation?

To translate the genetic information in mRNA to amino acids.

Which process does not include DNA; Translation, replication or transcription?

Translation

What is effect of the start

codon

being destroyed?

Translation will not start.

If the mRNA

codon

is AUG, what is the proper

anticodon

?

UACSlide17

Tell me what ya know!

True or false:

Translation is the process of assembling amino acids.

True

True or false:

Transcription beings at a promoter region and continues until RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon.

False, terminator

True or false:

In a eukaryotic cell, DNA carries the information for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosome.

False, mRNA

True or false:

The anticodon is located on the tRNA and will complementary bind to the mRNA.

TrueSlide18

1. Name the 3 essential enzymes for replication.

DNA helicase, polymerase, and ligase

2. Describe the semi-conservative model.

The parent strand acts at the model for the new daughter strand so the bases know how to pair up with another

3. Why is this model important to

DNA?

This is important because we need to keep our DNA and make an exact copy of our DNA to pass onto our children.

18Slide19