2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system - PowerPoint Presentation

1. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system

2. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system2Functions of the Respiratory SystemProvides structures for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide via respiration2. Production of sound from air passing over vocal cords

3. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system3BreathingBreathing is divided into external respiration and internal respiration.External respiration – act of inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out). Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide being exchanged between alveoli in lungs and bloodInternal respiration – Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and lymph

4. 4BreathingBreathing in and breathing out (external respiration)Inhalation – The diaphragm contracts and moves downward while the ribs move up and out Increases size of thoracic cavity Decreases pressure Air rushes into the lungsEnd result is increased volume in lungsExhalation – The diaphragm relaxes and moves up while the ribs move down Decreases size of thoracic cavity Increases air pressure Air forced out of the lungsEnd result is decreased volume in lungs InhalationExhalationVisual of diaphragm contracting and relaxing

5. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system5Breathing1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respirationHow many times does a normal adult breath per minute?Calculate your respirations

6. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system6Control of breathingYour rate of breathing is controlled by 2 types of factors:Neural factorsChemical factors

7. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system7Control of breathingNeural FactorsMedulla Oblongata – part of brain that regulates respirations Has group of cells that tell you to breath if there is an increase in carbon dioxide or a lack of oxygenPhrenic Nerve – nerve that stimulates the diaphragm

8. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system8Control of breathingChemical FactorsAn increase in carbon dioxide or a decrease in oxygen will trigger the respiratory center in brain to breathe. Chemoreceptors – cells in aorta and carotid artery that sense increased carbon dioxide or low oxygen in blood and trigger respiration.

9. 9Respiratory MovementsCompare respiratory movements.Coughing Clears lower resp Hiccups Sneezing clears upper respYawning Why do they occur?Yawn VIDEO

10. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system10Types of breathingApnea – stoppage of breathingDyspnea – difficult, painful or labored breathingEupnea – normal breathingHyperpnea – increase in the rate and depth of breathing with exaggerated respiratory movementsOrthopnea – difficult or labored breathing while laying downTachypnea – rapid breathingHyperventilation – rapid deep breathing that causes you to lose carbon dioxide too rapidly

11. 11Lung capacity and volumeTidal volume – amount of air that moves in and out of your lungs with each breathInspiratory reserve volume (IRV) – amount of air you can force in over normal tidal volumeExpiratory reserve volume (ERV) – amount of air you can force out above normal tidal volumeVital lung capacity – total of the above added up (tidal volume + IRV + ERV = vital lung capacity)

12. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system12Lung capacity and volumeResidual volume – amount of air you can not voluntarily breathe out. (Allows for continued gas exchange between breaths.)

13. 13Lung capacity and volumeTotal lung capacityTidal volumeInspiratory reserveExpiratory reserveResidual airSample

14. 14Respiratory disordersAsthmaAirway becomes obstructed due to inflammatory response to a stimuli (allergen/exercise/stress)People with allergies more likely to have asthmaSymptoms: difficulty exhaling, dyspnea, wheezing (air trying to get out of narrowed airway), tightness in chest, coughingTreatment: anti-inflammatory meds, bronchodilator rescue inhaler

15. 15Respiratory disordersBronchitis - Inflammation of mucous membranes in trachea and bronchial tubesCauses excessive mucousOften after upper respiratory tract infection Can be acute or chronic Acute: Cough, fever, substernal pain, rales (velcro) Rales SOUNDChronic: Usually caused by smokingSevere persistent cough with large amounts of colored sputum

16. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system16Respiratory disordersEmphysema – alveoli sacs get over dilated, lose elasticity and can’t rebound. May rupture.Air trapped in alveoli  difficult to exhaleSmoking is the leading causeNo cure. Pulmonary rehab for breathing techniques.

17. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system17Respiratory disordersChronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) – group of chronic lung conditions:Chronic BronchitisEmphysema  SMOKERS!!!!!

18. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system18Respiratory disordersCOMMON COLD -Viral infection of respiratory system - Symptoms: runny nose, sore throat, sneezing, cough, fever -Treatment: symptoms (NO ANTIBIOTICS!!!!) -Best prevention: hand washing How long should you wash your hands?10 seconds = sing happy birthday(CDC recommends 20 – h.b. twice)

19. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system19Respiratory disordersInfluenza – Flu – viral infectionSymptoms: Fever and chillsMuscular and Joint painRespiratory symptoms: dry cough and nasal congestionHeadache Exhaustion Treatment: symptomaticPrevention: Flu shotIs a flu shot beneficial? Why or why not?

20. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system20Respiratory disordersPneumonia – infection of the lungCan be viral or bacterial Thick fluid in lungsChest X-ray to diagnoseSymptoms:Fluid in lungs  Productive coughChest pain with deep breathFever/chills Treatments: Bedrest +Bacterial  antibiotics Viral  antivirals

21. 21Respiratory disorders video Pneumothorax – buildup of air between lung and chest wall. Air pressure pushes on lung  Lung collapses Can be primary or secondarySecondary – lung diseases or traumatic woundsSymptoms: chest pain, SOB, one sided decreased chest movement when breathingTreatment: Primary/small: resolve self sometimesNeedle aspiration/Chest tubeSurgery to sew up leak

22. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system22Respiratory disordersSinusitis – infection in one/more sinus cavitiesBacterial, viral, allergySymptoms – Pain over sinus locationHeadacheRunny nose

23. 23Respiratory disordersTuberculosis – bacterial infection in lungs. Immune system attempts to wall off – creates tubercleTests: skin test  cxrSymptoms: Night sweatsFeverWeight lossBlood tinged sputum Treatment: Antibiotics (6-9months)Many resistant strainsWhat type of standard precautions should be followed?

24. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system242.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system Essential questionsWhat are the functions of the respiratory system?What are some disorders of the respiratory system?How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?What is the importance of the respiratory system as it relates to immunity?How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the respiratory system?