African Resistance and Independence - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

African Resistance and Independence Online Project

Essential Question:

How did Africans resist and become independent from European countries?Slide2

DirectionsAnswer Questions 1-15

on loose-leaf. Use the information from the slides to help you answer the questions.

Turn

in your Project when you have completed all

15

questionsSlide3

African Resistance and Independence

Part I: Background Information

Part II: Impact of World War I

Part III: Impact of World War II

Part IV: Methods and Barriers Slide4

Part I: Background

West Africa is a region which includes several countries.

What are two countries located in West Africa?Slide5

The History behind the African Resistance Movement

After the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, Africa was controlled by European countries.

Africans wanted to rule their own countries free from European control.

Some African leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Nelson Mandela of South Africa organized their people who rebelled against the Europeans in non-violent ways.

Review Question:

2) Who were two leaders who were leaders of the African resistance movement?

Nelson MandelaSlide6

History Continued…

Other Africans fought wars to free their countries from European control

European countries responded differently to African resistance

Portugal fought wars against Africans to control the colony of Angola.

England gave power to Ghana without fighting wars

The goal of African resistance was for each country in Africa to rule themselves without European control

Kwame

Nkruma

of Ghana Slide7

PART II: Impact of World War I

World War I (1914-1918) was fought in Europe but the fighting spread to Africa.

The British attacked German colonies in Africa because they thought it would weaken Germany financially.

Most of the soldiers who fought the Germans in African were the Africans themselves.

3

) Using what you have learned so far, why do you think the Europeans used Africans as soldiers during World War I?Slide8

Impact of World War I Continued

Thousands of African soldiers died in World War

I

When the war ended and the African soldiers went home, they thought they would be thanked for their efforts.

They were ignored and mistreated by the Europeans as before the war.

As a result of this mistreatment and lack of respect, Africans started to dislike the Europeans

4). How did WWI lead to calls for independence?

German Colonies in Africa During WWISlide9

Africans fought as soldiers of the Europeans in World War II (1939-1945)

500,000 Africans served as soldiers and helped to defeat the Germans and Italians in World War II

Africans were paid the same salary, lived in the same conditions, ate the same food and fought and died together with whites in the war.

Because of this Africans saw themselves as equals to white Europeans

Africans were again not thanked or respected for their service like as in World War I

Part III: Impact of World War II

5). How did World War II lead to calls for the creation of an African independence movement? Slide10

After World War II

After World War II England granted independence to India in 1947

Africans asked themselves if India could be free, why can’t we?

6) How did Indian independence lead to the desire for Africans to demand freedom?

Indian Independence LeadersSlide11

Part IV: Methods & Barriers

Methods

: Ways in which Africans rebelled against European powers

Types of Methods:

Violent and Non-Violent

Violent

:

Wars and murder

Non-Violent

:

Protests, speeches, marches, strikes and meetings.

7). Which type of method do you think would be more effective in gaining independence from the Europeans?

Non-Violent ProtestSlide12

Ghana Gains Independence

In 1957, Ghana became the first British colony in Africa to gain its independence.

Kwame Nkrumah led the independence movement in Ghana

Nkrumah used the non-violent method against European control

Ghanaian Independence Poster Slide13

Ghana Gains IndependenceContinued…

He organized and strikes demonstrations against the British

Kwame Nkrumah was put in prison by the British but was later released

Nkrumah became the first prime minister, or leader of a free GhanaSlide14

South African Apartheid

During the Age of Imperialism, South Africa was under a brutal system of segregation known as

Apartheid.

In this system Africans could only get low paying jobs and live in certain areas

If Africans wanted to trave

l from town to town they would have to show a pass if they did not have one they would be arrested

South Africa in redSlide15

South African Independence

Nelson Mandela

, a South African lawyer was the leader of the protest movement against apartheid

Although he was jailed in 1960 by South African authorities, people around the world protested apartheid because of his efforts.

Other countries placed

sanctions

, or economic penalties on South Africa which made them release Mandela in 1990

South Africa abandoned apartheid because of international pressure from the sanctions

South Africa elected Mandela the first Black president in 1994 and apartheid does not exist today. People can travel freely.Slide16

Kenya Fights for Independence

Not all European countries were willing to set their colonies free. The Belgians, British and Kenyans fought to control their colonies

Kenya was a country that

did not adopt a non-violent method

for achieving independence

Kenyans were farmers and did not want to give their land up

Kenyan Rebels Slide17

Kenyan Independence Continued

To retake their land and

to get

rid of white settlers, the Kenyan people created a violent movement called the

Mau

Mau

Revolt.

Between 1953 and 1960 Kenyans attacked and killed any Europeans who owned land.

The British who controlled the colony responded by attacking the Mau

Mau

Kenyans but granted independence in 1963

British soldiers arresting suspected rebelsSlide18

End Assessment

8.

Who led the Independence movement in Ghana?

9. What type of method did Ghana use to achieve independence in 1957?

10. Who was the South African independence leader?

11. How did the South Africa become free?

What was apartheid?

What were some of the European countries that fought to prevent independence?

14. Explain how the Mau

Mau

Revolt led to Kenyan independence

15. Which type of method

did the Kenyans use to gain independence?