Specification The role and functions of the education system including its relationship to the economy and to class structure ALL Define the key concepts and explain the relevance to the individual ID: 687082
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Education Theory: Functionalism (1&2)
Specification: The
role and functions of the education system, including its relationship to the economy and to class structure.
ALL: Define the key concepts, and explain the relevance to the individual
MOST: Apply the ideas of 3 functionalist sociologists to an analysis of the benefits of education to society.
SOME: Evaluate the functionalist ideas (positive and negative)
State
functionalist views
on society.
Establish Durkheim, Parsons, and Davis & Moore’s views
on the role of education.
Summarise
key concepts associated with
functionalist work.
Criticise and assess
the value of the functionalist approach.Slide3
In General: Education has 3 Main Functions
Transmission of society’s norms and values (socialisation)
Skills Provision
Role allocation
Basic Intro:
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bq90RKDT0wSlide4
CARD SORT:
Basic Functionalist concepts
STRECH YOUR UNDERSTANDING by creating definitions to these concepts.
Value consensus
Socialisation
Social orderSocial integrationFunctional prerequisitesOrganic analogy
Complete your Concept Grid as I go through the PowerPoint slides with you, and when I have finished, by using the Textbook (
p.67 – Topic 5)
& Internet to expand your definitions.Slide5
Durkheim
Social Solidarity
: Teaching kids to feel part of society / larger group. (Collective Conscience)
Specialist Skills
: Giving kids the skills they need to play their part in society. (Vocationalism
) Society in Miniature: the school is a community like wider society, modelling norms & values of societyParsonsMeritocracy:. Teaching kids that they must work hard to succeed. Judged on equal standards. Leads to a value consensus.Universalistic vs Particularistic Standards
:
The bridge between family and
society.
Education
teaches standards that apply to everyone, and not just standards that are relevant to your own family.
Davis & Moore
Role allocation: Sifts and sorts kids into the types of role they will do best at in society.
Functionalism – Role of EducationSlide6
Durkheim – ‘linking individuals
to society’
People learn to ‘feel’ part of a larger group (collective conscience / social solidarity)
Teaching ‘social rules’ that apply to all (norms/values and expectations)
Specialist work skills (division of labour)Slide7
Schools Teach:
Adaptation – adapt to work environment.
Goal Attainment – use resources to achieve goals.
Integration – encourage people to work together.Slide8
Education Teaches
Specialist Skills
We all need skills to bring to the workplace…
Different groups provide different functions for the smooth running of society as a whole…
Functionalists advocate VOCATIONAL TRAINING… such as GNVQ, BTECs…reminder and link to Policy. Slide9
Parsons – ‘values and fit’
Schools teach ‘universal values’, whereas family teaches ‘particularistic values’.
All judged fairly by a common standard
Value consensus achieved by education
MeritocracySlide10
Talcott
Parsons
Home
Work
“Education acts as a bridge between home and work..”Slide11
Davis & Moore – ‘role allocation’
Some individuals have greater talents
Different social positions require different talents
The most able need to fill the more demanding roles
Schools identify the most able and ensure that they are trained for demanding tasks
Davis
MooreSlide12
You Say We Pay
Society in Miniature
Particularistic Values
Meritocracy
Role allocation
Specialist SkillsSlide13
You Say We Pay
Socialisation
Social order
Value
consensus
Universalistic StandardsOrganic analogySlide14
Complete the table, analysing the concepts in relation to the individual and society.
Can you give examples?
The following slides will help with your evaluationSlide15
Positive Evaluation – Education is beneficial to Society
Unifies people
Maintains social order
Teaches work skills
Bridges home and outside world
Role allocationMeritocracySlide16
Evaluation (Negative) of functionalist views on Education
Interactionists note – education is a two-way process – choice – negotiate meaning – pupils do not necessarily absorb the values taught in school.
Is there a shared agreement on a shared set of values being supported by school?
Many school subjects are irrelevant – do not teach work skills – New Right believes that state run education discourages efficiency, competition, and choice.
Why do class inequalities in achievement persist if schools are really meritocratic?
Groups underachieve – (gender, ethnic, class)
Not
enough links with WORK – subjects too
theoretical
History is ETHNOCENTRIC – focuses on own society
.
Teaches values of ‘ruling class’ NOT society.Slide17
Insert the appropriate words to complete the following criticisms of the functionalist perspective. If you get stuck, find the right word from the list below
:
Other perspectives, such as Marxism, believe that education only passes on the ideology of the __________.
Interactionists criticise functionalists for their __________ view of pupils that sees them as passively accepting all they are taught.
We do not have a meritocracy as functionalists suggest. For example, __________ and __________ are not the only factors that determine achievement.
Some sociologists argue that the __________ and __________ taught in school are not particularly useful for life at work.Missing wordsKnowledgeSkillsRuling classAbility
Effort
Over-socialised
Evaluation (Negative) of functionalist views on EducationSlide18
Homework: Exam Practice
Outline & Explain two functionalist perspectives on Education (10 marks)
8–10 Very
good knowledge and understanding of two
functionalist perspectives.
There will be two applications of relevant material, eg Durkheim & Specialist Skills, Parsons & Meritocracy, Davis and Moore & Role Allocation. There will be appropriate analysis & evaluation: a criticism of each perspective, and a conclusion with a wider evaluation of functionalist views on education.
4–7 Reasonable
to good knowledge and understanding of one or
two
functionalist perspectives
.
There will be one or two applications of relevant material,
eg Durkheim & Specialist Skills, Parsons & Meritocracy, Davis and Moore & Role Allocation. There will be some basic analysis.
1–3
Answers in this band will show limited knowledge and little or no understanding of functionalist perspectives
There
will be limited focus on the question,
eg
there may be some drift into outlining
other theories or general theories on education.
There will be little or
no analysis