Safety Restraint System - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Safety Restraint SystemSlide2

Restraint system

Holds

vehicles occupants in their seat protecting them from injury during an accident. The restraint system includes the seat belts and the air bag system, as well as the vehicle’s body, frame, steering column and dash. Seat belts and airbags are required on all vehicles. Slide3

Crush Zones

Located at the front and rear of the body-frame assembly they are designed to collapse during a severe impact. Passenger compartment is stiffer and stronger then the crush zones, so occupants are protected from the forces of the accident. Slide4

Side impact beams

Are made of high strength steel, they are mounted in the vehicles doors to help prevent intrusion into the passenger compartment The A pillars and the B pillars are located in front and behind the doors, they extend up to the roof line. They are made of high strength steel and there job is to support the roof protecting the occupants in the case of a roll over.Slide5
Slide6

Crash Tests

Are

used by auto manufactures to determine how well the body and restraint system will protect the occupants in the case of a major vehicle collision. The manufacture will crash the vehicle into a wall or sometimes another vehicle to measure how well the vehicle withstands and reacts to the impact force.Slide7

Crash Test Dummies

Are

used to measure the impact forces acting upon the human body, sensors are placed at vital locations of the human body, they record the impact. Manufactures use this data to estimate the amount of injury a person would have sustained during a similar collision.Slide8

Active/Passive Restraints

Most injuries occur when the occupants are ejected from their seats or from the passenger compartment upon impact.

Active Restraint:

Requires the occupants to ready the system for example

seatbelts

that must be buckled manually.

Passive Restraint:

Operates without the occupants activation the airbag system is automatically set when the vehicle ignition system has been activated

(Example airbags or automatic seatbelts).Slide9
Slide10

Seatbelts

Are

made of nylon straps there function is to hold the occupant in their seat during a collision.

Seat

belts also absorb energy by being designed to stretch during an impact, so that there is less speed differential between the passenger's body and their vehicle

interior.

Also

to spread the loading of impact on the passenger’s body.Slide11

Head Rest

Most drivers think headrests are just there for comfort. They have a much more important purpose

. When

travelling in an automobile; a properly adjusted headrest can reduce the severity of neck injuries such as

whiplash

in the event of a collision. The top of the headrest should be in line with the top of the occupant's head.

The

headrest should not, however, be placed behind the occupant's neck. Slide12

P

ositioning of a head rest

The top of a head restraint should reach at least as high as the top of your ear and be set back no more than 3 inches from your headSlide13

‘Third

impact' after a passenger's body hits the car interior, airbag or seat belts, is that of the internal organs hitting the ribcage or skull.

The

force of this impact is the mechanism through which car crashes cause disabling or life threatening injurySlide14

Show rear crash videoSlide15

Seat belt styles

There

are two different style of belts Lap and shoulder belt.

1968

Federal law requires front seat belts for all passenger cars

1973

Federal law requires three-point lap-shoulder belts with inertia reels.

1984

First U.S. seat belt use law is enacted in New YorkSlide16

Seatbelt Pretension & retractor mechanism takes all of the slack out of the seatbelt so the belt fits snugly around the body.

Slide17

Knee Diverter (knee Bolsters)

Is

formed into the lower part of the dash to protect the driver’s and the front passenger’s knees from being injured on the metal dash.

The

diverter also prevents the driver and passenger from sliding under the dash during a collision

.

It’s

usually a thick plastic panel that covers the metal framework of the dash panel Slide18
Slide19

Airbag System

Automatically

inflates

large nylon bags immediately after a major collision. The air bag system is designed to supplement the protection of the seat belt.

The air bag inflates in 1/20

th

of a second long before the drivers body flies forward. The tough nylon bag can easily absorb the forward inertia of the occupant.Slide20

Airbag System

The major parts of an air bag system are:

Air bag

sensors

:

these are inertia sensors that signal the control module in the event of a collision

Air bag

module

:

contains the inflator mechanism and the nylon air bag that expands to the occupants

Air bag

controller

:

computer that operates the system and runs diagnostic check every time the ignition has been activated.

Dash warning lamps

:dash

bulb that glows with system problem and goes out as system arms as long as the R.C.M has not detected a faultSlide21

Air Bag types

All

new vehicles are equipped with dual air bag for the front seat occupants. (In 1998, dual front airbags were mandated) second-generation air

bags were also mandated.

This was due to the injuries caused by first-generation air bags that were designed to be powerful enough to restrain people who were not wearing seatbelts. Slide22

Driver’s Airbag

The air bag module consists of a nylon bag and an igniter-inflator unit enclosed in a metal and plastic housing. The driver’s side air bag is packed into the steering wheel pad.Slide23

Passenger Airbag

The

passenger side air bag deploys from the right side of the dash.

It

is much larger then the driver side air bag because it has to protect two possible people simultaneously in the front seat. Slide24

The drivers and passenger dash mounted air bags will only deploy during a frontal impact.

A collision must occur with in 30 degrees of the vehicles centerline for it to inflate.Slide25

Side impact air bags

When

a vehicle is hit from the side injury usually results from the occupant’s shoulder or head flying through the side window glass. The side impact sensors senses the side thrust of the impact and deploys a air bag located in the

seat

cushion

.

Window

air bag (curtain) is designed to drop down like curtains over the window glass. This helps protect the occupants from head and facial injuries caused by impact with the door glass.Slide26

Side-impact

P

rotection

Canopy Airbag Seat AirbagSlide27

Show

Video side impactSlide28

Questions

How would you explain the main purpose of the Air bag system?

The air bag system is designed to supplement the protection of the seat belt

How would you summarize third impact?

Internal organs hitting the ribcage or skull

Why did

they,

the manufacture choose to install side impact protection?

side injury usually results from the occupant’s shoulder or head flying through the side window glass