Mercantilism Mercantilism a set of ideas on how a Country should conduct economics Accumulate as much gold and silver as possible usually through colonies and trade Selfsufficient in raw materials ID: 263954
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The Imperial System and Changing Culture of the ColoniesSlide2
Mercantilism
Mercantilism: a set of ideas on how a Country should conduct economics
Accumulate as much gold and silver as possible (usually through colonies and trade)
Self-sufficient in raw materials
Prevented colonies from selling goods to other nations (only mother country could)Slide3
The Navigation Acts
1660, Charles II takes over throne
Wanted to regulate trade in colonies
Parliament passes Navigation Acts (1660)
The Navigation Acts: required all goods imported or exported from the colonies to be carried on English ships, also contained lists of raw materials that could be sold only to England
List included sugar, tobacco, lumber, cotton, wool, and indigo
Forced colonists to deal with English merchants only, whom of which would raise prices high for profitSlide4
The Staple Act
Three years after Navigation Acts (1663)
Staple Act: required everything the colonists imported to come through England first
All merchants from other countries had to stop in England, pay taxes, and then travel to the colonies
Caused other goods to be more expensive for colonistsSlide5
Toleration Act
English Bill of Rights produced after William and Mary succeed throne in the Glorious Revolution of 1688
English Bill of Rights: granted more power to Parliament and restricted Kings and Queens with certain duties (taxes, gave freedom of speech, banned cruel and unusual punishment)
Toleration Acts were also passed later that year with the English Bill of Rights
Toleration Acts: granting freedom of worship to almost all Protestants but not to Catholics or Jews
English Bill of Rights would foreshadow the creation of the U.S. Bill of RightsSlide6
John Locke
Wrote
Two Treatises of Government
Believed in political obligation to human rights and justified revolutions of Governments
All people are born with natural rights given by God
Government’s and the people were in social contracts (if violated by Government, the people had the right to overthrow it)Slide7Slide8
Population Growth in Colonies
Average of 7 children per household
From 1640-1700, population increased from 25,000 to more than 250,000 people in Colonies
By the American Revolution, the population would be 2.5 million peopleSlide9
Immigration
Besides high numbers of births, immigration played a major part in the population growth
German, Scottish, Irish, and Jewish populations all looked to America for religious freedom, freedom from oppression, and/or economic opportunities
Immigrants would settle in major cities and would also expand Westward for cheaper and more available landSlide10Slide11
Africans in Colonial America
Independent African culture due to slavery and lack of influence around other cultures
Traditional religious beliefs mixed with Christian values to create to ideologies on religion
Music became deeply rooted in African American culture
Separated families happened regularly, thus African American’s began to use more unique names in order to pass on their family name and heritage
Were beaten, branded, treated like animals, even killed if tried to run away or rise up against the violence and mistreatmentSlide12
The Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers believed that natural laws applied to social, political, and economic relationships
This emphasis on logic and reasoning was known as rationalism
John Locke was a member of the Enlightenment Movement
Another Enlightenment member was Baron
Montequieu
In his work,
Spirit of the Laws
, believed that Government had 3 parts –executive, legislative, and judicial (sound familiar???)Slide13
The Great Awakening
Colonists began to experience pietism
Pietism: an European movement that stressed individual devoutness and an emotional union with God (individual being key)
Preacher sermons spread the word of Pietism through Revivals
Revivals: large public meetings for preaching and prayer
Caused spread of more Protestant religious sects such as Methodists and Baptists
Supported individualism (focus on ones self) just as Enlightenment period had