Not to Cite A Tutorial for Middle School Learners Welcome Do you know what your teachers mean when they tell you to cite your sources Citing your sources is part of an overall concept known as Attribution Attribution is the identification and accreditation of a sources inform ID: 557321
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Slide1
To Cite or
Not to Cite?
A Tutorial for Middle School LearnersSlide2
Welcome!
Do you know what your teachers mean when they tell you to cite your sources? Citing your sources is part of an overall concept known as Attribution. Attribution is the identification and accreditation of a source’s information or creation (vocabulary.com). In simpler terms, citation like attribution, is the process by which you identify material that you are using in your body of work that came from another source (plagiarism.org)
The biggest challenge in citing sources is knowing when to cite and when not to cite. If information is not cited properly, you are committing an act of plagiarism. Plagiarism is defined as the act of using information as one’s own without acknowledging the original source (dictionary.reference.com).
Feeling overwhelmed yet or more confused? Don’t be. This tutorial will guide you through the most important decision when creating any type of work: when to and when not to cite. Take a deep breath and let’s begin!
Table of Contents
Section 1................
When to Cite …………….............ReviewSection 2 …..…When Not to Cite …………...........…ReviewSection 3 …........Tutorial ReviewSection 4 …………………....Credits
Quick ReferenceSlide3
“Click” the title “Citation: A brief Introduction” to play video.
This video explains the purpose of a citation as well as its basic format.
To Cite or Not?
Deciding when to cite a source can be tricky. Before you begin this tutorial, watch the following video to review the basics of citation. There will be an assessment at the end of each section of this tutorial to measure your mastery of the concept. If at the end of the tutorial you feel you have not mastered the skill of identifying when to and when not to cite, review the tutorial again as well as visit the resources provided to receive further information and practice.
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Quick ReferenceSlide4
When to Cite
Quick ReferenceSlide5
Excerpt from Martin Luther King’s “I Have a dream” speech delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.:
“…I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice….”
Summaries
In his famous “I Have a Dream” speech, Martin Luther King, Jr. states that he looks forward to the day when all men are created equal. He further states that injustices need to be done away with and he hopes that brotherhood will occur between all.
Sample Summary of Excerpt:
When to Cite…
A
summary
is a restatement of another’s source that addresses the main point(s) of the text.
Quick ReferenceSlide6
An
Indirect Quotation is the reference of a source’s spoken meaning without using the exact words used. This type of quotation frequently begins with ‘that’ or ‘if’ and doesn’t use quotation marks for identification.
Two Types:
According to
Mtume
ya
Salaam, rap music is "a new genre unto itself," because it is a completely new form of music. He argues that "the general public" and even "'accomplished' music critics" misunderstand it precisely because it is so unfamiliar (306).
When to Cite…
Quotations
A
quotation
is a report of the exact words or rewritten words of an author or speaker
Example:
Direct Quotation:
Sally said,
“
I am hungry.
”
Indirect Quotation
: Sally said that she was hungry.
A
Direct
Quotation
is when the source’s exact words are used. This type of quotation requires the use of quotation marks.
Acceptable citing of source material using a combination of direct and indirect quotations:
Quick ReferenceSlide7
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
by J. K. Rowling. Illustrated by Mary Grand Pré. Arthur A. Levine / Scholastic, 2007. (ISBN 0-545-01022-5)
“Reviewed by CCBC Librarian Megan Schliesman: J.K. Rowling brings her seven-part, sweeping story to its dramatic conclusion in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, a tense and spellbinding narrative that moves at breakneck speed, despite its bulk, toward the inevitable final confrontation between now-seventeen-year-old Harry and the evil wizard Voldemort. This time around Rowling deviates from the pattern that is so familiar in the others…”
When to Cite…
Reviews
A
review
is an evaluation of something, especially in words; a report or account of something
Example:
Quick ReferenceSlide8
Reprinting a diagram, picture, illustration, picture, or other visual material
When to Cite…
Reuse, Repost, Reprint
The use of another’s original work that was posted on the Internet on a previous occasion
Reusing or Reposing any audio, video, or other electronically available media
Quick ReferenceSlide9
A
paraphrase (restatement) is the simplification or clarification of the meaning of a text in one’s own words; A shortened version of an original text that highlights its key points
When to Cite…
Paraphrasing
Quick ReferenceSlide10
As you’ve seen in this tutorial so far, there are many different types of citation and many of which are typically utilized when writing a paper. To review, if you are reprinting, reposting, or reusing any type of material that wasn’t created by you, then you need to give credit to your source. There are exceptions to the rule which will be discussed in the next section of this tutorial. To check to see if you are ready to move on, answer the assessment questions, otherwise click the back button and review this section one more time.
When to Cite
Section Review
Quick Tips:
When in doubt, cite it
It is better to over-cite
Know your teacher’s
expectations
Know the citation format
ahead of time
Document your resources
as you go
Quick ReferenceSlide11
Which
of the following types of sources must be acknowledged? (Check all that apply.): information available in a variety of textbooks and general encyclopedias direct quotations, paraphrases
and summaries, arguable assumptions common knowledge images, photos, graphics, charts, tables and statistics your own ideas, discoveries and reasonings
Assessment
When to Cite…
Giving an original author credit for their words, thoughts, and ideas is called…
A
. Paraphrasing B. CitingC
. Quoting
True
or
False? Citations may look different depending on your subject discipline.
True
or
False
?
It is considered plagiarism to use the ideas of another author and writing them in your own words without providing a reference.
Paraphrasing
properly is to:
A
.
Rewrite the author’s ideas in your own words and cite it
B
. Put quotation marks around the
text and cite itC
. Use only the idea without citing it
Quick ReferenceSlide12
When NOT to Cite
Quick ReferenceSlide13
When NOT to Cite…
Original Work
A body of work is considered
original
when it is a creation that did not exist previously; considered new and distinguishable from existing bodies of work
Audio (Song or other type of musical composition)
Intellectual Writing, Theory, etc.
Video
Photograph
Painting
Sculpture
Invention (gadget, machinery, etc.)
Illustration, Drawing, etc.
Quick ReferenceSlide14
When NOT to Cite…
Common Knowledge
Common Knowledge
is considered information that is known by most people
How
to Determine Common Knowledge
The information can be found in many locations
The information is likely to be known by a lot of people
Information can be located easily in general reference sources
Quick ReferenceSlide15
Familiar Quotes
Familiar Proverbs
Recite or repeat something original that is widely known
A short abrupt saying in general use, stating a general truth or piece of advice.
When NOT to Cite…
Common Expressions
A
common expression
is a word or phrase, usually idiomatic, used to convey an idea
Two Types:
Between a rock and a hard place
An apple a day keeps the doctor away
A dog is a man’s best friend
Good things come to those who wait
President Theodore Roosevelt
:
“speak softly, and carry a big
stick”
Mahatma Gandhi
:
“Be the change that you want
to see in the world”
Quick ReferenceSlide16
When the author is widely known or recognized by many people
No citation is needed when the information is in a book or electronic resource that lists the words of a language (typically in alphabetical order) and gives their meaning
When NOT to Cite…
Universally Recognized
Commonly available information that is widely accepted, used to answer questions, and resolves uncertainty
J.K.
Rowlings
Shakespeare
Mark Twain
Dr. Seuss
Information from a Dictionary
Newton’s First Law of Motion:
an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion, with the same direction and speed, unless acted upon by an outside force
Quick ReferenceSlide17
When deciding whether or not to cite a source, ask yourself the following questions:
Is the content of the body of work familiar to my audience?Is the body of work found in a common dictionary?
Is the source of the body of work widely known?Is the body of work a common saying or expression?Is the body of work 100% my own creation?If you can’t answer these questions YES with 100% certainty, then cite the source.
When NOT to Cite
Section Review
Resources:
http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/overview
/
https://owl.english.purdue.edu
/
http://www.easybib.com/
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/review
Quick ReferenceSlide18
Assessment
Of the following types of information, which one does NOT need to be acknowledged: A. A word-for-word quotation from The
New York Times online about economic recoveryB. A photograph of Rosa Parks that you found in Women in World History: A Biographical Dictionary.C. A paragraph you wrote summarizing information from a Newsweek article about bioengineered food.
D
.
A list of three most important things you
think
students can do to succeed in collegeTrue or False? You don't need to credit someone's ideas as long as you change some of their wordsWhy is it necessary to cite sources? (check all that apply): To give credit where credit is due
So that readers can go back to the
original sources of facts and opinions for themselves
To avoid violating copyright
Which
of the following do you NOT need to cite?
A
.
A paraphrase.
B
.
A number or statistic.
C
.
An opinion.
D
.
A fact that is common knowledge.
When NOT to Cite…
True
or
False
?
A unique work is only protected by copyright if it has a © symbol.
Quick ReferenceSlide19
Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, etc.
Summaries
Reviews Exact words or PhrasesQuotationsReprinting a diagram, picture, etc.Reuse or repost of any electronic media Paraphrasing or RestatingSummaries of Other Work
When to Cite
When not to Cite
Original work
Common Knowledge
Common sayings or expressions
Familiar quotes
Familiar proverbs
When the author is widely known
When the information is in the dictionary
Commonly available info
Moral Judgments
Tutorial Review
Quick ReferenceSlide20
Work Cited
Acceptable Use or Plagiarism, Quiz 1. (
n.d.
). Retrieved April 8, 2015, from
http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/plag/acceptuse1.php
Citation Builder. (
n.d.
). Retrieved March 16, 2015, from
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/citationbuilder/index.php
Cite Sources Quiz. (
n.d.
). Retrieved April 8, 2015, from http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=cite-sources-quiz
EHow | How to Videos, Articles & More - Discover the expert in you. (
n.d.
). Retrieved April 13, 2015, from
http://www.ehow.com
Find out how strong your vocabulary is and learn new words at Vocabulary.com. (
n.d.
). Retrieved March 16, 2015, from http://www.vocabulary.com/
How well do you know plagiarism? (
n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2015, from http://en.writecheck.com/plagiarism-quiz
Information Skills Tutorial. (
n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2015, from http://commons.esc.edu/informationskills/cite/cite-quiz/
Martin Luther King I Have a Dream Speech - American Rhetoric. (
n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2015, from http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm
(
n.d.
). Retrieved March 16, 2015, from
http://dictionary.reference.com/
Nordquist
, R. (
n.d.
). English Grammar & Composition: Tips, Terms, Examples. Retrieved April 13, 2015, from
http://grammar.about.com
PSC Quiz 6 - Citing Sources. (
n.d.
). Retrieved March 16, 2015, from
https://www.peru.edu/library/empower/module6/quiz/quiz.php
Welcome to the Purdue OWL. (
n.d.
). Retrieved March 16, 2015, from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl
What Do You Know About Plagiarism and How to Avoid It? (
n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2015, from http://www.clark.edu/Library/iris/quiz/plagiarism_quiz_home.php
What is Plagiarism? (
n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2015, from http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism
Quick ReferenceSlide21
Works Cited (cont.)
http://www.freewoodpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/dictionary-720x1024.jpg
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/intellectualproperty3-110620211856-phpapp02/95/intellectual-property3-3-728.jpg?cb=1308622769
http://f.tqn.com/y/homeworktips/1/S/l/G/-/-/common-knowledge.png
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02937/jk-rowling_2937832b.jpg
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/90736907.png
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-G1D-Fn3eC9w/U8lyctvEg7I/AAAAAAAB48Y/PH5GbgIMeZ0/s1600/video-production.png
http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/sites/default/files/styles/insert_large/public/images/5505/quotationMarks.jpg?itok=qpe1EQqL
http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/MLK_at_the_March_on_Washington.jpg
http://cdn.mhpbooks.com/uploads/2013/01/Martin-Luther-King-Jr-9365086-1-402-235x234.jpg
http://www.library.arizona.edu/news/img/uploads/ref-works-flyer.jpg
http://www.catholicwebsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Plagiarism.jpg
http://wmich.edu/sites/default/files/images/u34/2012/Citing.png
http://library.csun.edu/blogs/cited/files/2012/11/citing-image.jpg
http://wpdevshed.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Citing-sources1.jpg
http://library.csun.edu/blogs/cited/files/2012/11/citation-chart.jpg
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/15/f1/23/15f1238bf5ca12ddc549d918bb6a9792.jpg
http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--D5edEweA--/18m4c518k75jzjpg.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-umqz8YmjwUA/Uw5mSKeR_II/AAAAAAAAGRY/7uQ0CzvKhQw/s1600/Screen+Shot+2014-02-26+at+2.09.54+PM.jpg
http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/epicrapbattlesofhistory/images/4/48/Seuss.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20130731172643
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/06/30/article-1030400-01CA634B00000578-869_468x653.jpg
http://rethinkingeverything.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mark-twain.jpg
http://www.physics4kids.com/files/art/motion_laws1_240x180.gif
https://mrdavidemmanuelnoel.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/gandhi1.jpg
http://www.notable-quotes.com/r/theodore_roosevelt_quote.jpg
http://www.youthedesigner.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Martin-Luther-King-Jr.-Art-13.jpg
http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/03/1d/09/af/sistine-chapel-tours.jpg
http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/005/177/i02/090626-ice-cubes-02.jpg?1296084067
https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1736736537/wwttwit.png
http://png.clipart.me/previews/7aa/drawing-tool-and-supplies-44891.jpg
http://s1.hubimg.com/u/6143804_f260.jpg
http://www.hbloan.com/images/cameras.jpg
http://vetsc.gov.iq/upload/imageblocks/ar/13-1.gif
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Hand_tools.jpg http://borchardtlibrary.edublogs.org/files/2011/08/lgrlc-1cij2vn.png
All images were retrieved from Google Images (2015). See the links below.
Quick ReferenceSlide22
Quick Reference
Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, etc.Summaries
Reviews Exact words or PhrasesQuotationsReprinting a diagram, picture, etc.Reuse or repost of any electronic media Paraphrasing or RestatingSummaries of Other Work
Original work
Common Knowledge
Common sayings or expressions
Familiar quotes
Familiar proverbs When the author is widely known When the information is in the dictionaryCommonly available infoMoral JudgmentsSlide23
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