By Kate Stybr Produced Normally produced by the specialized adrenal chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla Target Cell When acted on the liver and muscle cells it causes the cells to break down the complex storage carbohydrate glycogen and release extra glucose into the bloodstream ID: 161014
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Slide1
Adrenaline
By: Kate
StybrSlide2
Produced
Normally produced by the specialized adrenal chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla.Slide3
Target Cell
When acted on the liver and muscle cells it causes the cells to break down the complex storage carbohydrate glycogen and release extra glucose into the bloodstream.
When acted on cells in the digestive tract, it causes reduction of digestive secretions and acts on blood vessels to thrust blood away from the gut and to he brain, heart, lungs and muscles.Slide4
Causes
Released in response to various signals that stimulate the gland
Stressful situations
Anger or fear
Alcohol or certain drugs
Hypoglycemia
Post-traumatic stress disorder
There is no certain time in the life cycle where adrenaline is more activeSlide5
StructureSlide6
Entering The Target Cell
It binds to and activates what are known as adrenoeceptors on target cells. These are referred to as adrenergic receptors.Slide7
Typical Amount in the Blood
Reference ranges for blood plasma
content
of free cortisol
Time
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
09:00
am
140
[58]
700
[58]
nmol/L
5
[59]
25
[59]
μ
g/dL
Midnight
80
[58]
350
[58]
nmol/L
2.9
[59]
13
[59]
μ
g/
dLSlide8
What It Causes
Adrenaline increases blood glucose and fatty acids in the body and more energy production within the bodies cells. Further release of adrenaline further results in increased heart rate, contracted blood vessels and dilated air passagesSlide9
Too Much Adrenaline
Overproduction of adrenaline is very rare
Symptoms of overproduction can cause rapid heart beat, high blood pressure, anxiety, weight loss, excessive sweating and palpitationsSlide10
Too Little Adrenaline
Suffering from too little adrenaline is very rare
Could result in inability to prepare the body for action in response to a stressful or physically demanding situationSlide11
Too
MuchSlide12
Too
LittleSlide13
Synthetic Replacement
Amphetamines can be used as a synthetic replacement based upon a structure closely resembling that of adrenalineSlide14
Treatment for Atypical Amounts
May require no treatment
When high blood pressure or diabetes arises from adrenal glad disorders, medication can be prescribed
Tumor growth leading to adrenal glad malfunction may be surgically removed