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Aromatic chemistry Aromatic chemistry

Aromatic chemistry - PowerPoint Presentation

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Aromatic chemistry - PPT Presentation

Leon María Elena Larissa Vanillin Information History of benzene Ring structure Functional groups Hückels rule Vanillin History of benzene The empirical formula for benzene had been long known but its highly unsaturated structure was a challenge to determine ID: 526378

bonds benzene question structure benzene bonds structure question ring double groups vanillin functional rule organic single compounds atoms formula test history aromatic

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Slide1

Aromatic chemistry

LeonMaríaElenaLarissa

VanillinSlide2

Information

History of benzene

Ring structure

Functional groups

Hückel’s

rule

VanillinSlide3

History of benzene

The empirical formula for benzene had been long known, but its highly unsaturated structure was a challenge to determine. Archibald Scott Couper in 1858 and Joseph Loschmidt in 1861 suggested possible structures that contained multiple double bonds or multiple rings, but the study of aromatic compounds was in its earliest years, and too little evidence was then

available to help chemists decide on any particular structure.

In 1865, the German chemist Friedrich August

Kekulé

published

a

paper in French suggesting that the structure contained a ring

of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds

BACK

TestSlide4

History of benzene

Who was the first person to suggest the ring structure for benzene?

Archibald Scott Cooper

Joseph Loschmidt

Friedich August Kekulé

Erich

HükelSlide5

History of benzene

Benzene has a/an ______ structure.

Saturated

Unsaturated

Strong

WeakSlide6

Ring Structure

The most commonly encountered aromatic compound is benzene. The usual structural representation for benzene is a six carbon ring (represented by a hexagon) which includes three double bonds. Each of the carbons represented by a corner is also bonded to one other atom. In benzene itself, these atoms are hydrogens.

The double bonds are separated by single bonds so we recognize the arrangement as involving conjugated double bonds. An alternative symbol uses a circle inside the hexagon to represent the six

π electrons

. Each of these symbols has good and bad features.

BACK

TestSlide7

Ring structure

How much carbon does benzene have?

3

4

5

6Slide8

Ring structure

What kind of bonds does benzene have?Single, double

Double, triple

Single, double, triple

Single, tripleSlide9

Functional groups

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

The atoms of functional groups are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds

.

Combining the names of functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes generates what is termed a systematic

nomenclature

for

naming organic

compounds.

BACK

TestSlide10

Functional groups

What do you have to follow if you want to name an organic compound?Plain Nomenclature

Normal organic names

Ordinary nomenclature

Systematic nomenclatureSlide11

Hückel’s rule

A cyclic ring molecule follows Hückel's rule when the number of its π-electrons equals

4n + 2 where "n" is zero or any positive integer, although clear cut

examples are really only established for values of n = 0 up to about n = 6

.

Aromatic compounds are more stable than theoretically predicted by alkene hydrogenation data; the "extra" stability is due to the delocalized cloud of electrons, called resonance energy.

BACK

TestSlide12

Hückel’s rule

BACK

What name is given to this formula: (4n+2)

Hückel

Cooper

Kekulé

AugustSlide13

Hückel’s rule

BACK

Following the previous formula (4n + 2) with n = 1, how much molecules does it have?

4

5

6

7Slide14

Vanillin

Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3.

Natural "vanilla extract" is a mixture of several hundred different compounds in addition to vanillin. Artificial vanilla

flavouring

is often a solution of pure vanillin, usually of synthetic origin. Because of the scarcity and expense of natural vanilla extract, synthetic preparation of its predominant component has long been of interest

.Slide15

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