Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 4 Dr Stuart S Sumida Appendicular Skeleton Female Male Notice buttresslike trabecular orientation of proximal femur for transfer of weight through head of the femur to cortical bone of femoral shaft ID: 331724
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Biology 323Human Anatomy for Biology MajorsLecture 4Dr. Stuart S. Sumida
Appendicular SkeletonSlide2Slide3Slide4Slide5Slide6Slide7Slide8Slide9Slide10Slide11Slide12Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17
Female
MaleSlide18Slide19Slide20Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24Slide25
Notice buttress-like trabecular orientation of proximal femur for transfer of weight through head of the femur to cortical bone of femoral shaft
Normal
OsteoporoticSlide26
2
1
3
4
5
NECK
INTERTROCHANTERIC LINE
INTERTROCHANTERIC CREST
LESSER TROCHANTER
GREATER TROCHANTER
1
2Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31Slide32Slide33Slide34Slide35Slide36Slide37Slide38Slide39Slide40Slide41Slide42
C
CU
NavSlide43
Anatomical Joints:
Talo-crural
Talo-calcaneal-Navicular joints
ANKLE
lateral
Transverse tarsal
fibula
tibia
calcaneus
cuboid
talus
5
th
metatarsal
NV
CUNSlide44
cuboid
calcaneus
talus
navicular
tibia
2
nd
metatarsal
Objective 3:
JOINTS and LIGAMENTS OF THE FOOT & ANKLE
/
Parasagittal MRISlide45Slide46Slide47
Note interosseus membraneSlide48
1
2B
2A
3
Major Ligaments
Coracoacromial lig.
Coracoclavicular lig.
2A. Conoid
2B. Trapezoid
3. Acromioclavicular lig.Slide49Slide50Slide51Slide52Slide53
ACETABULUM
INCOMPLETE RING OF BONE
LUNATE (ARTICULAR) CRESCENT
ACETABULAR FOSSA WITH INTRA-ARTICULAR FAT PAD
LABRUM – FIBROCARTILAGENOUS
TRANSVERSE ARTICULAR LIGAMENT (DEMARCATING FORAMEN FOR COMMUNICATION OF NERVES, VESSELS.
Ant. Obturator ARTERY/VEIN
Posterior Obturator ARTERY/VEIN source of acetabular vessels
4
5
3
1
2
6Slide54
ACETABULAR FOSSA WITH INTRA-ARTICULAR FAT PAD
TRANSVERSE ARTICULAR LIGAMENT
FEMORAL LIG.
POSTERIOR Obturator ARTERY/ VEIN supplies ligament of fovea capitus femoris
LABRUM
FEMORAL LIGAMENT DOES NOT PREVENT DISLOCATION OF FEMURAL HEADSlide55
PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT ATTACHMENT
to inferior neck
ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
Attaches to intertrochanteric line of femurSlide56
ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
Attaches to intertrochanteric line of femur
ISHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
to superior posterior neckSlide57
1
2
3
FEMORAL LIGAMENTS
PUBOFEMORAL
ISHIOFEMORAL
ILIOFEMORALSlide58
ANTERIOR VIEW
FEMORAL LIGAMENTS
PUBOFEMORAL
ISHIOFEMORAL
ILIOFEMORAL
2
3
1Slide59
Note that the articulation of the femur at the tibia is not straight (180 degrees)
This angle is know as the VALGUS angle. Typically 170-175 degrees but …
It is more often greater in women because of the more widely-spaced acetabula.
Vertical
Valgus Slide60
Patellar ligament
Additional attachments
(patellar retinaculum)Slide61
POSTERIOR VIEW
MEDIAL VIEW
Medial epicondyle
Knee Joint/ ARCHITECTURE
/
Osseous featuresSlide62
Mensici – increase joint congruence
Collateral ligaments – increase lateral stability and promote knee locking
LM
MM
Lat coll LigSlide63Slide64
1
2
TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
POSTERIO-MEDIAL VIEW
3Slide65
Structures to be identified in your bone boxes
Distal femur
: lateral and medial condyles (articular and attachment surfaces), patellar surface, intercondylar fossa, epicondyles.
Fibula
: head, shaft, lateral malleolus, interosseus membrane attachment
Tibia
: condyles, intercondylar notch, patellar (tibial) tuberosity, medial malleolus, facet for fibular head, fibular notch, attachment of soleus muscle, interosseus membrane attachment;
Patella
Posterior viewSlide66
3
FUNCTIONAL
JOINTS in foot
Functional joint = unit of movement
TALOCRURAL
SUBTALAR (incl. Talo-calcaneal of TCN)
TRANSVERSE TARSAL (incl. Talo-navicular of TCN)Slide67
Medial: medial collateral ligament (MCL); very strong, trauma by means of avulsion rather than material failure.
“deltoid ligament” superficial
posterior tibio-talar
tibiocalcaneal
tibionavicular
.
deep ligaments
anterior talotibial ligament
posterior talotibial ligament
Lateral:
lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament --
resists ANTERIOR displacement, allows fibular rotation
calcaneofibular ligament
– resist posterior displacement
Anterior:
anterior
tibiofibular ligament
Posterior:
posterior tibiofibular ligament
inferior transverse
tibio-fibular ligament.
Superior:
interosseous membrane & ligamentSlide68
DELTOID LIGAMENT
TIBIONAVICULAR PART
TIBIOCALCANEAL PART
POSTERIOR TIBIO-TALAR PART
ANTERIOR TIBIO-TALAR PART
1
2
3
MEDIAL VIEW
MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (MCL)
4Slide69Slide70
The Skeleton, Nutrition, Sex, and GrowthSEX NUTRITION
Good Poor
Male Continued Growth, Reduced Growth
Greater Height SHORTER than normal height
Female Energy to Delayed onset of
Reproduction & reproductive ability;
Supporting Fat Continued bone Reserves growth; TALLER