Chapter Thirteen Learning Objectives LO131 Differentiate between data and information list the attributes of useful information and describe three reasons why managers must have access to information to perform their tasks and roles effectively ID: 585428
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Slide1
Communication and Information Technology Management
Chapter ThirteenSlide2
Learning Objectives
LO13-1
Differentiate
between data and information, list the attributes of useful information, and describe three reasons why managers must have access to information to perform their tasks and roles effectively
LO13-2
Explain
why effective communication-the sharing of information-helps an organization gain a competitive advantage and describe the communication processSlide3
Learning Objectives
LO13-3
Define
information richness, and describe the information richness of communication media available to managers
LO13-4
Differentiate
among four kinds of management information systemsSlide4
Information and the Manager’s Job
Data
Raw, unsummarized, and unanalyzed facts.
Information
Data that is organized in a meaningful fashionSlide5
Factors Affecting the Usefulness of Information
Figure 13.1Slide6
Attributes of Useful InformationSlide7
Question?
What type of information system do managers plan and design to provide themselves with the specific information they need?
Decision Support System
Management Information System
Employee Decision Matrix
Management Support SystemSlide8
Information Systems and Technology
Information Technology
The set of methods
or techniques
for
acquiring, organizing
,
storing, manipulating
,
and transmitting
informationManagement Information System A specific form of IT that managers utilize to generate the specific, detailed information they need to perform their roles effectively.Slide9
Information and Decisions
Most of management is about
making
decisions
To make effective decisions, managers need information, both from
inside
and
outside
the organizationSlide10
Communication, Information and
Management
Communication
The sharing of information between two or more individuals or groups to reach a common understanding.Slide11
Importance of Good Communication
Increased
efficiency
in new technologies and skills
Improved
quality
of products and services
Increased
responsiveness
to customers
More innovation through communicationSlide12
The Communication Process
Transmission phase
information is shared by two or more people
Feedback phase
a common understanding is assuredSlide13
The Communication Process
Figure 13.2Slide14
Discussion Question
Which part of the communication process is most important?
Sender
Message
Encoding
Decoding
FeedbackSlide15
The Communication Process
Sender
person or group wishing to share information
Message
information that a sender wants to share
Encoding
translating a message into understandable symbols or language
Noise
anything that hampers any stage of the communication processSlide16
The Communication Process
Receiver
person or group for which a message is intended
Medium
pathway through which an encoded message is transmitted to a receiver
Decoding
interpreting and trying to make sense of a messageSlide17
Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
Verbal Communication
The encoding of messages into words, either written or
spoken
Nonverbal Communication
The encoding of messages by means of facial expressions, body language, and styles of dress.Slide18
Information Richness andCommunication Media
Managers and their subordinates can become effective communicators by:
Selecting an
appropriate medium
for each message—there is no one “best” medium
.
Considering information richness
A medium with
high richness
can carry much more information to aid understanding.Slide19
Information Richness
Information Richness
The amount of information that a communication medium can carry and the extent to which the medium enables the sender and receiver to reach a common understanding Slide20
The Information Richness of Communication Media
Figure 13.3Slide21
Communication Media
Face-to-Face communication
Has highest information richness
Can take advantage of verbal and nonverbal signals
Provides for instant feedbackSlide22
Face-to-Face Communication
Management by Wandering Around
Face-to-face communication technique in which a manager walks around a work area and talks informally with employees about issues and concernsSlide23
Communication Media
Spoken Communication Electronically Transmitted
Has the second highest information richness.
Telephone conversations are information rich with tone of voice, sender’s emphasis, and quick feedback, but provide no visual nonverbal cues.Slide24
Communication Media
Personally Addressed Written Communication
Has a lower richness than the verbal forms of communication, but still is directed at a given person.
Excellent media for complex messages requesting follow-up actions by receiverSlide25
Communication Media
Impersonal Written Communication
Has the lowest information richness.
Good for messages to many receivers where little or feedback is expected (e.g., newsletters, reports)Slide26
Information Overload
Information Overload
A superabundance of information that increases the likelihood that important information is ignored or overlooked and tangential information receives attentionSlide27
IT and the Product Life Cycle
Product
life cycle
The way demand for
a product
changes in
a predictable
pattern
over time
.
Figure 13.4Slide28
The Network of Computing Power
The typical
organization-wide
computing
network is
a four-tier network solution that consists
of
“external
”
mobile computing devices such as netbooks, smartphones, and
tablet computers, connected to desktops and laptops, and then through “internal” rack servers to a company’s mainframeSlide29
Figure
13.5
A Four-Tier Information System
with Cloud ComputingSlide30
The Network of Computing Power
Cloud computing
offers outsourced, pay-as-you-go, on-demand Internet software capabilities to companies for a fee.
A major
concern
of users is information reliability and securitySlide31
Software Developments
Operating system software
software that tells computer hardware how to
run
Applications software
software designed for a specific task or
useSlide32
The Organizational Hierarchy
Traditionally, managers have used the
organizational hierarchy
as the main system for gathering
information
necessary to make decisions and coordinate and control activitiesSlide33
The Organizational Hierarchy
Drawbacks
Can reduce
timeliness
of information
Information can be
distorted
Tall structure can make for an
expensive
information systemSlide34
Four Computer-Based Management Information Systems
Figure
13.6Slide35
The Organizational Hierarchy
Information distortion
changes in meaning that occur as information passes through a series of senders and receiversSlide36
Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems
Systems designed to handle large volumes of routine transactions.
First computer-based information systems handling billing, payroll, and supplier payments.Slide37
Types of Information Systems
Operations Information Systems
Systems that gather, organize, and summarize comprehensive data in a form of value to managers.
Can help managers with non-routine decisions such as customer service and productivity.Slide38
Types of Information Systems
Decision Support Systems
An interactive computer-based management information system with model-building capability that managers can use when they must make non-routine decisionsSlide39
Types of Information Systems
Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence
Employ human knowledge captured in a computer to solve problems that ordinarily require human expertise.
Uses artificial Intelligence to recognize, formulate, solve problems, and learn from experience.Slide40
Video: In Good Company
Describe how Gore encourages horizontal communication.
How well does Gore practice open-book management?