MACROMOLECULES Describe in detail what you see in the diagram. - PowerPoint Presentation

MACROMOLECULES Describe in detail what you see in the diagram. (Minimum 3 sentences) The digestive process is occurring. In order for organisms to live and function they require energy. Eating and digesting food provides the body with chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Biomolecules You are what you eat!

Agenda CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsComparing biomolecuesConstructing glucose molecules

CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates aka… Starch Carbs Sugar

How does our body break down this bread?

Breaks down into microscopic molecules Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide Disaccharide Monosaccharide

Structure Polysaccharide Many Sugar

Structure Di saccharide Two Sugar

Structure Monosaccharide One Sugar

Function Provide QUICK energy to the body!

Challenge : Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide Disaccharide Monosaccharide Explain what you think is happening here. (at least 3 sentences) The diagram shows a picture of bread ( starch ). It also maps out the break down of carbohydrates from their most complex form ( polysaccharide ) to their least complex ( monosaccharide ). This process is called hydrolysis .

LIPIDS

Breaks down into microscopic molecules Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

LOOK FOR THE “E” Monomer: 3 fatty acids + glycerol

Function Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen (few oxygen)Fat best method of STORINGforms cell membranesInsulates nerve cells (myelin) Insulates body (maintains homeostasis)

How are complex carbohydrates formed and broken down?

Dehydration Synthesis Combining single compounds into a complex one by removing water monosaccharide + monosaccharide ----> disaccharide + water C6H12O 6 + C 6 H 12 O 6 ----> C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O (Process forms disaccharides & polysaccharides)

Hydrolysis Addition of WATER to a compound SPLITS itdisaccharide + H2O ---> monosaccharide + monosaccharide C 12 H 22 O11 + H 2 O ---> C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 6H12O6

Challenge : Describe what you see (at least 3 sentences)This is an amino acid. It is the monomer for a protein. It contains C, H, O and N. It has 3 groups: an amino group, an R-group, and a carboxyl group. The R-group is considered a variant group because it changes.

Proteins aka…. Meat Polypeptide Whey Protein Peanut butter

Breaks down into microscopic molecules Meat Polypeptide Amino Acid Monomer: amino acid Polymer: polypeptide

Monomer: Amino Acids Contains C, H, O, N20 typesHas both hydrophobic & hydrophylic endsDiffer in R-group R-group can be acidic, basic or neutral Makes polypeptide then makes proteins

Polymer: Polypeptide (peptide means bond)Formed by dehydration synthesisSequence determined by DNA 3-D and folds to take up less space

Function of Proteins Provides us with building blocks for life!Also regulate most functions in a cell.Glycoproteins (antigens)Combines w/DNA to form chromosomesTurns genes on and offAntibodies (fights disease)

Function of Proteins Provides structure & strength (fibers)Transports molecules in & out cellsHemoglobin (transports O2)Enzymes (speeds up rxns)- has –ase suffixActs as hormones (insulin)- many proteins have suffix of -in

Bellringer : Describe in detail what you see in the diagram. (minimum 3 sentences)This is a picture of ATP. ATP is one type of polymer of a nucleic acid. It is made of adenine, sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

Nucleic Acids Contains C, H, O, N, PMonomer: NUCLEOTIDESNucleotides consist of 3 parts: 1. 5-Carbon Sugar 2 . Phosphate Group 3 . Nitrogenous Base

Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases 5 typesCytosineGuanineAdenineThymine (in DNA only)Uracil (in RNA only) Purines or pyrimidines In DNA: In RNA: C-G C-G A-T A-U

Nucleotides: 5-carbon sugar and phosphate group2 types of sugarsRibose (in RNA only)Deoxyribose (in DNA only)Phosphate group Contains phosphorus & oxygenPolymer: polynucleotide deoxyribose ribose

Function Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the genetic codestores & transmit heredity/genetic information found in the nucleus (mitochondria) Double stranded (double helix)

Function Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic acid) Carries info from DNA to cellHelps in protein synthesis found in ribosomes & nucleoli Single stranded

Polypeptide: ATP Contains adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphatesStores and releases energy

Carbon Compounds include that consist of which contain that consist of that consist of that consist of which contain which contain which contain Section 2-3 Concept Map

Carbon Compounds include that consist of which contain that consist of that consist of that consist of which contain which contain which contain Section 2-3 Concept Map Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins Sugars and starches Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,

Which biomolecule has the most energy!?

C-H bonds Count the number of C-H bonds in your monosaccharide picture.Count the number of C-H bonds in your saturated or unsaturated bond pictureWhich biomolecule (carbs or fats) have more C-H bonds?

The number of C-H bonds = the amount of energy The more C-H bonds a biomolecule has, the more energy it has!Fats have the most energy because they have the most C-H bonds!

Video clips: Burning MarshmallowOil lampCooking Oil Car

CHALLENGE! Which popular plant process forms glucose?PhotosynthesisWhich elements form a glucose molecule?Carbon, hydrogen, oxygenWhat is the molecular formula for glucose? C reate a polymer using dehydration synthesis process. C 6 H 12 O 6