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Sinking Slabs and Convection Connections Sinking Slabs and Convection Connections

Sinking Slabs and Convection Connections - PowerPoint Presentation

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Sinking Slabs and Convection Connections - PPT Presentation

Explore p 672 678 Learning Targets I can use simple models to simulate the forces acting on tectonic plates I can compare directions of plate motions with locations of hot spots spreading ridges and trenches ID: 402911

hot amp plate mantle amp hot mantle plate spots plates process convection procedure 672 material upwelling density earthquakes tectonic motions subduction earth

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Sinking Slabs and Convection Connections

Explore: p. 672 - 678Slide2

Learning Targets

I can use simple models to simulate the forces acting on tectonic plates.

I can compare directions of plate motions with locations of hot spots, spreading ridges, and trenches

I can determine the velocity of the North American Plate relative to the Yellowstone hot spot

I can examine the depth-distance relationship for earthquakes in a

subduction

zone.Slide3

Entry Task

What do you remember about the relationship between density and temperature from IS1?

What happens to the density of a substance as it is heated?

What happens to the density of a substance as it cools?

How do differences in density cause substances to rise or fall?Slide4

Process & Procedure p. 672

Read Introduction on pg. 672

#1.

Video Demo

#1a. – d. Answer in your science notebook.Slide5

Process & Procedure p. 672

2. Read the paragraph. Take notes on anything that is new to you – especially vocabulary:

mantle, plume, upwelling, hot spots, mantle convection.

3. Which part of your sketch represents upwelling?

Downwelling

?.Slide6

Process & Procedure p. 672

Mantle –

the layer of Earth that lies beneath Earth’s crust.

Plume –

a rising column of heat. Plumes occur in the mantle where hot material moves upward from the lower mantle, in some cases, to erupt at Earth’s surface.

Upwelling –

refers to the upward motion of material in plumes through the mantle

.Slide7

Process & Procedure p. 672

hot spots

– outpouring of molten rock (lava) at volcanoes caused by plumes of heat rising from Earth’s core through the mantle.

Mantle convection

– the slow movement of the mantle due to upwelling and sinking. The circular motion of the mantle as it transports hot material and heat upward, and then transports cooled material downward. The hot material is lower in density, so it rises. The colder material is higher in density and sinks.Slide8

Process & Procedure p. 672

Video

Convection & Plate Tectonics

Video

Hotspots

Animation

Slab PullSlide9

Process & Procedure #6

If plate motion is driven by mantle convection and upwelling, then plates should be moving __________ from hot spots.

B. If plate motions is only driven by plates being pulled, then plates should be moving ________

subduction

zones.Slide10

Process & Procedure #7

Complete P&P #7 a-e with your partner. Use specific examples in your explanations!Slide11

P&P #7

7b. About 53 hotspots are shown.

7c. In general, plates pass over hot spots. There is little, if any, correlation between hot spots and plate direction. For a relatively small number of hot spots on spreading ridges, the plate moves away from the hot spots (e.g., Iceland, Galapagos, or Afar at the base of the Red Sea). Many more are distributed beneath oceanic plates or continents. Geologic evidence indicates that those hot spots are generally relatively stationary for tens of millions of years (although detailed recent work shows that they can at times drift or migrate through the mantle).Slide12

P&P #7

7d. Plates move towards

subduction

zones. For example, the Pacific Plate has a rapid velocity to the northwest toward the Japan and Aleutian trenches. Also, the Australian-Indian Plate is being

subducted

at the Java Trench, which led to the Andaman-Sumatra earthquake and tsunami in December 2004. Closer to home, the Juan de Fuca Plate is being

subducted

beneath the Cascadian volcanic arc.Slide13

P&P #7

7e. From a strict correlation point of view, plate motions do not correlate well with the location of hot spots. Hot spots indicate upwelling and convection in the mantle. This suggests that convection by itself is not a sufficient explanation for plate tectonic motions. Thus, the “pull” of oceanic crust entering

subduction

zones correlates much better with the direction of plate motions, and the tectonic patterns and landforms on Earth’s surface.Slide14

R&C #1 p. 676

1a. What part of the world is shown?

1b. What tectonic plates are included in the figure?

1c. What is the relationship between earthquakes and depth?

1d. What kind of tectonic setting is shown by the pattern of earthquakes?Slide15

R&C #1 p. 676

1e. Sketch in your science notebook where earthquakes occur along this line. What does the depth of the earthquakes indicate?Slide16

R&C #2-3 p. 676

Complete R&C #2 and 3.

Remember to use graph paper for your graph!

Read “

Shakin

’ Like Jell-O”

Earthquake proof building