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eqna system about correlation plot. 15-8. Benzene undergoes substitution reactions with electrophiles.. Electrophiles attack benzene by substituting for a hydrogen atom, not addition to the ring.. Under the conditions of this type of reaction, ordinary non-aromatic conjugated polyenes would polymerize rapidly.. M.ARULSELVAN. Syllabus. Benzene and Aromaticity. 4.1 Concept of aromaticity:. . . -Huckel's rule for aromaticity, . -identification of aromatic, . -Non-aromatic and anti aromatic systems based on planarity, conjugation and Huckel's rule.. VINEGAR MAKING Acetic acid Acetic acid Vinegar Vinegar Legally means acetic acid product Legally means acetic acid product made from apples (like wine is made from apples (like wine is from grap Stock solutions are concentrated, we use water to dilute them to achieve the molarity desired for a solution.. Dilution. – the process of adding more solvent to a solution . Decreases. Remains constant. Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. By the end of chapter four the students will:. Understand the resonance description of structure of benzene. Understand the hybridization in benzene. Benzene. Colorless liquid with sweet scent often produced from petroleum . Flammable (flashpoint below 37.8 °C). Carcinogenic, reproductive toxin . Toxic, skin irritation and burns. Extremely toxic to aquatic life. Witek. Horbatowski. Current important uses of acetic acid. Acetic Acid is used as an ingredient in plastic, vinegar, lacquers and is a preservative itself.. Acetic acid production process. Acetic acid is made by the process of fermenting various substances: starchy solutions, sugar solutions or wine with Acetobacter bacteria.. AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS-. -------Benzene. Synonyms. Benzol. , . Benzole. , . Benzolene. , Coal naphtha, Phenyl hydride, . Annulene. , Carbon oil, . Cyclohexatriene. , Mineral naphtha,. Motor benzol, Phene, Pyrobenzol, Pyrobenzole.. Mr. Vikash Kumar. Asst.. Prof.. CUTM. Acetic acid was used as a medicinal agent and was . probably the . first known antibiotic. .. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is the principal constituent . of vinegar. . The first vinegar was probably a result of . ( CH3COOH). Vinegar is a product resulting from the conversion of alcohol to acetic acid by acetic acid bacteria, . Acetobacter. . spp.. USES:. (. i. ) . Ancient uses. : . The ancient uses of vinegar which can be seen from various records include a wide variety of uses including use as a food condiment, treatment of wounds, and a wide variety of illnesses such as plague, ringworms, . What is Vinegar . ?. is . formed by aerobic bacteria oxidizing grain alcohol to acetic acid and water.. More generally, vinegar can be . defined. as a solution composed of acetic acid . [ . CH. 3. COOH], water and perhaps other substances. . 2. nd. Stage- Medical Physics. Dr. Ibrahim Q. Saeed. M.Sc. Sarah Assaf. B.sc.. . Kosari. Y. . Ahmad. Experiment No.1. Preparation and standardization of 0.1N hydrochloric acid (. HCl. ) using standard sodium carbonate (. Objective. To know about . electrophilic. substitution reactions. Success criteria. Understand . the mechanism of the . electrophilic. substitution reactions of . benzene. Understand this for . halogenation. The Discovery of Benzene. Benzene was discovered in . 1825. by the English chemist . Michael Faraday . (Royal Institution). Faraday called this new hydrocarbon “. bicarburet. of hydrogen”.. Faraday isolated benzene from a compressed illuminating gas that had been made by .