The Inquisition There was no escape According to the Church these punishments were necessary to save the souls of heretics Around 1232 CE the Church started court system called The Inquisition ID: 462051
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Europe and the Inquisition" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Europe and the InquisitionSlide2
The Inquisition:
There was no escape. According to the Church, these punishments were necessary to save the souls of heretics.
Around 1232 CE, the Church started court system called The Inquisition.
This court was to seek out and punish people suspected of not obeying the church.
C
hurch officials assigned to the Inquisition were assigned to
track
down
heretics
.
Heresy
is an
act against
the
church
or
church beliefs.
A heretic
is
someone who commits an act of heresy.
I
f a heretic confessed, they were punished.
If a heretic did not confess, they were tortured until they confessed or died Slide3
Established by Isabella and Ferdinand in 1478
Created to expel Jews, Protestants and
non-believers from SpainApproved by Pope Sixtus IV
The
Spainsh Inquisition:
Queen Isabella
King FerdinandSlide4
It is believed that 40,000 Jews were forced out
Those that stayed in Spain had to convert to Catholicism
Jews that became Catholics were known as “
converso
”People that refused to convert or leave were subject to trialsThere were several options for sentencing someoneAcquited
Suspended (let go, but still under suspicion)
Penance (guilty and had to pay fines and confess)
Reconciled (guilty and may be tortured)
Relaxation to the secular arm (burnt at the stake)
Isabella and Ferdinand saw the burning of 2,000 people and 15,000 were reconciled
The total figures are:
341,021 people were put on trial
31,912 of them were killedSlide5
Inquisition Torture Devices
:Slide6Slide7Slide8
Pope Leo X
needed money to build
St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sold
indulgences!Indulgences - pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory
(People could buy forgiveness)Slide9
The Church tried to stamp out scientific discoveries that contradicted Church teachings
Galileo Galilei
– Taught that the sun was the center of the universe.
He was brought before the Spanish Inquisition on charges of heresy and found guilty, and forced to denounce his beliefs (or face death). Galileo spent the rest of his life under house arrest.
Nicolaus
Copernicus
-
In 1514, Copernicus published a book that stated the earth revolved around the sun
.
His book
started the scientific revolution. Slide10
Books became available to the masses not just the rich!
(Faster production=cheaper books)
People had access to books whenever they wanted.
The first book printed was the Bible in
1454 or 1455
Printing Press
= 3,600 pages per workday
Hand Printing
= 40 pages per workday
The Printing Press!!!!Slide11
The Protestant ReformationSlide12
100 Years War and Black Death – Led to many
people moving to the cities and an improved
standard of livingScientific Advances - contradicted the Church
The Indulgences/Corruption within the Catholic Church caused people to distrust
the church.Invention of the Printing Press – made the Bible available to most peopleThe Inquisition – Church Oppression
Humanism
– People began to believe they had
control of their destiny
Causes of the Protestant ReformationSlide13
Martin Luther
Lived from 1483-1546
in Germany
A
sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monkLuther realized that only faith, not good deeds, could save a person.Slide14
Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic
Church
(95 Complaints)He criticized:
The Power of the PopeThe Extreme Wealth of the ChurchIndulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefsPosted his 95 Theses
on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people & criticism from ChurchSlide15
Luther on Trial
The Diet of Worms
1520 Pope Leo X ordered Luther to give up his beliefs
Luther burned the order and was excommunicatedLuther went into hiding
He translated the New Testament into German.Slide16
Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideasLutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest”
against the Church for suppressing the reformsReformers came to be
known as Protestants - [PROTEST]ants
Wars of the Reformation – Catholics vs ProtestantsAlso known as the “30 Years War”Slide17
John Calvin
Anti-Catholic
Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith
alone.”Created his own Protestant religion in SwitzerlandSlide18
Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell
Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your lifePurified approach to life: No drinking, swearing,
card playing, gambling etc..Calvin believed in:
CALVINISM
Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform ChurchSlide19
King Henry VIII of EnglandHad six wives…wanted a
SON
!Slide20
The Reformation Parliament
A
gathering that led to the decision that England was no longer under the authority of the pope.
Act of Supremacy
Subjects were required to take an oath declaring Henry VIII to be “Supreme Head of the Church of England”Henry VIII was excommunicated by the PopeHenry VIII created the Church of England when the Pope refused to grant an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.