Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology systems biology emergent properties inductive reasoning reductionism genomics systems biology emergent properties inductive reasoning ID: 485397
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Sc..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific InquirySlide2
Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology?
systems biology
emergent properties
inductive reasoning
reductionism
genomicsSlide3
systems biology
emergent properties
inductive reasoning
reductionismgenomics
Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology? Slide4
What is the correct order (from small to large)?
cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems
molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere
molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities
organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems
cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communitiesSlide5
What is the correct order (from small to large)?
cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems
molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere
molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities
organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems
cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communitiesSlide6
All of the gray squirrels that inhabit an oak forest describes a/an:
ecosystem
biosphere
community
population
colonySlide7
All of the gray squirrels that inhabit an oak forest describes a/an:
ecosystem
biosphere
community
population
colonySlide8
Which of the following scientific studies would represent an example of a
“
systems biology
”
approach?measuring the effect of an invading insect that eats
oak leaves on the numbers of oak trees and on any subsequent changes in the number and types of decomposer fungi in the soil
discovering the structure of an enzyme that is important in digestion of protein
comparing the microscopic structure of leaves of two different species of magnolias
measuring the reproductive rate of emperor penguins during exceptionally warm and exceptionally cold yearscomparing the DNA sequence of two closely related plants and inferring their evolutionary historiesSlide9
Which of the following scientific studies would represent an example of a
“
systems biology
”
approach?
measuring the effect of an invading insect that eats
oak leaves on the numbers of oak trees and on any subsequent changes in the number and types of decomposer fungi in the soil
discovering the structure of an enzyme that is important in digestion of protein
comparing the microscopic structure of leaves of two different species of magnolias
measuring the reproductive rate of emperor penguins during exceptionally warm and exceptionally cold years
comparing the DNA sequence of two closely related plants and inferring their evolutionary historiesSlide10
Like jackrabbits, elephants have many blood vessels in their ears that help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which of the following statements about this radiated energy would be accurate?
The original source of the energy was the sun.
The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem.
The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants.
More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions.
More energy is radiated at night than during the day.Slide11
Like jackrabbits, elephants have many blood vessels in their ears that help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which of the following statements about this radiated energy would be accurate?
The original source of the energy was the sun.
The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem.
The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants.
More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions.
More energy is radiated at night than during the day.Slide12
The idea that form and function are related would
not
be exemplified by which of the following examples?
Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have many small projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for absorbing water.
Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light.
Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are streamlined.
none of the aboveSlide13
The idea that form and function are related would
not
be exemplified by which of the following examples?
Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have many small projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for absorbing water.
Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light.
Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are streamlined.
none of the aboveSlide14
Imagine that you have just discovered a new multicellular but microscopic organism that swims in ponds. You see that it is propelled by cilia on the outside of the organism. What can you say about the evolutionary relationships of this organism?
The presence of cilia shows that it is more closely related to
Paramecium
than to humans.
The presence of cilia shows that it shares a common ancestor with
Paramecium
and humans.
It is probably closely related to pond algae.
It is probably most closely related to prokaryotes.The presence of cilia demonstrates the diversity, but not the unity, of life.Slide15
Imagine that you have just discovered a new multicellular but microscopic organism that swims in ponds. You see that it is propelled by cilia on the outside of the organism. What can you say about the evolutionary relationships of this organism?
The presence of cilia shows that it is more closely related to
Paramecium
than to humans.
The presence of cilia shows that it shares a
common ancestor with
Paramecium
and humans.
It is probably closely related to pond algae.
It is probably most closely related to prokaryotes.
The presence of cilia demonstrates the diversity, but not the unity, of life.Slide16
Examine the figure on the next slide and predict which species pair has the most similar DNA sequence.
vegetarian tree finch (
Platyspiza
crassirostris) and mangrove finch (Cactospiza heliobates
)
medium tree finch (
Camarhynchus
pauper) and large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula)large tree finch (Camarhynchus psittacula) and small tree finch (Camarhynchus
parvulus
)
sharp-beaked ground finch (
Geospiza
difficilis
) and large ground finch (
Geospiza
magnirostris
)
No such predictions are possible.Slide17Slide18
Examine the figure on the previous slide and predict which species pair has the most similar DNA sequence.
vegetarian tree finch (
Platyspiza
crassirostris
) and mangrove finch (
Cactospiza
heliobates
)
medium tree finch (
Camarhynchus
pauper
) and large tree finch (
Camarhynchus
psittacula
)
large tree finch (
Camarhynchus
psittacula
) and small tree finch (
Camarhynchus
parvulus
)
sharp-beaked ground finch (
Geospiza
difficilis
) and large ground finch (
Geospiza
magnirostris
)
No such predictions are possible.Slide19
Which of the following is an activity that would not reflect the practice of science?
Science is typically performed alone in the lab.
Data are typically collected by teams of students and experienced researchers.
Scientists typically reexamine conclusions or repeat experiments from other large, famous labs.
Scientists who work in forests studying ecology often collaborate closely with geneticists who work only in the lab.
The practice of science results in a discovery that lends new insight, and technology involves how this new insight will be applied to develop a new drug.Slide20
Which of the following is an activity that would not reflect the practice of science?
Science is typically performed alone in the lab.
Data are typically collected by teams of students and experienced researchers.
Scientists typically reexamine conclusions or repeat experiments from other large, famous labs.
Scientists who work in forests studying ecology often collaborate closely with geneticists who work only in the lab.
The practice of science results in a discovery that lends new insight, and technology involves how this new insight will be applied to develop a new drug.Slide21
An experimental study is conducted to determine whether or not a new drug reduces high blood pressure. The change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the participants represents the:
independent variable
dependent variable
hypothesis
theorycontrol groupSlide22
An experimental study is conducted to determine whether or not a new drug reduces high blood pressure. The change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the participants represents the:
independent variable
dependent variable
hypothesis
theorycontrol groupSlide23
Nearly half a century ago, D. W. Kaufman investigated the effect of prey camouflage on predation. Kaufman tested the hypothesis that the amount of contrast between the coat color of a mouse and the color of its surroundings would affect the rate of nighttime predation by owls. He also hypothesized that the color contrast would be affected by the amount of moonlight. In this exercise, you will analyze data from his owl-mouse predation studies.
Pairs of mice (
Peromyscus
polionotus
) with different coat colors, one light brown and one dark brown, were released simultaneously into an enclosure that contained a hungry owl. The researcher recorded the color of the mouse that was first caught by the owl. If the owl did not catch either mouse within 15 minutes, the test was recorded as a zero. The release trials were repeated multiple times in enclosures with either a dark-colored soil surface or a light-colored soil surface. The presence or absence of moonlight during each assay was recorded. Slide24
The graph shows data from the light-colored soil enclosure. There is one dependent variable and more than one independent variable on the graph. What are the independent variables, the variables that were manipulated by the researcher?
the color of the soil and the presence or absence of moonlight
the presence or absence of moonlight and the number of mice caught
mouse coat color and the presence or absence of moonlight
mouse coat color and the number of mice caughtSlide25
The graph shows data from the light-colored soil enclosure. There is one dependent variable and more than one independent variable on the graph. What are the independent variables, the variables that were manipulated by the researcher?
the color of the soil and the presence or absence of moonlight
the presence or absence of moonlight and the number of mice caught
mouse coat color and the presence or absence of moonlight
mouse coat color and the number of mice caughtSlide26
What is the dependent variable, the response to the variables being tested?
the presence or absence of moonlight
the mouse coat color
the number of mice caught
the color of the soilSlide27
What is the dependent variable, the response to the variables being tested?
the presence or absence of moonlight
the mouse coat color
the number of mice caught
the color of the soilSlide28
Now you will look at data from two different enclosures: one with light-colored soil (left), and one with dark-colored soil (right). How many dark brown mice were caught in the light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night?
12
17
19
37Slide29
Now you will look at data from two different enclosures: one with light-colored soil (left), and one with dark-colored soil (right). How many dark brown mice were caught in the light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night?
12
17
19
37Slide30
On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be more likely to escape predation by owls on dark- or light-colored soil? What data support your conclusion?
On light-colored soil; the lowest level of predation was light brown mice on light soil.
On dark-colored soil; fewer light brown mice than dark brown mice were caught on light soil under no moon.
On dark-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon.
On light-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon.Slide31
On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be more likely to escape predation by owls on dark- or light-colored soil? What data support your conclusion?
On light-colored soil; the lowest level of predation was light brown mice on light soil.
On dark-colored soil; fewer light brown mice than dark brown mice were caught on light soil under no moon.
On dark-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon.
On light-colored soil; fewer dark brown mice were caught on dark soil than on light soil under a full moon.Slide32
What combination of independent variables led to the highest predation level in enclosures with light-colored soil?
light brown coat with no moon
light brown coat with full moon
dark brown coat with full moon
dark brown coat with no moonSlide33
What combination of independent variables led to the highest predation level in enclosures with light-colored soil?
light brown coat with no moon
light brown coat with full moon
dark brown coat with full moon
dark brown coat with no moon